head 1.6; access; symbols netbsd-11-0-RC4:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC3:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC2:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC1:1.6 perseant-exfatfs-base-20250801:1.6 netbsd-11:1.6.0.2 netbsd-11-base:1.6 netbsd-10-1-RELEASE:1.5 v2_11:1.1.1.9 perseant-exfatfs-base-20240630:1.5 perseant-exfatfs:1.5.0.8 perseant-exfatfs-base:1.5 netbsd-8-3-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-9-4-RELEASE:1.4.2.1 netbsd-10-0-RELEASE:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC6:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC5:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC4:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC3:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC2:1.5 netbsd-10-0-RC1:1.5 netbsd-10:1.5.0.6 netbsd-10-base:1.5 netbsd-9-3-RELEASE:1.4 cjep_sun2x-base1:1.5 cjep_sun2x:1.5.0.4 cjep_sun2x-base:1.5 cjep_staticlib_x-base1:1.5 netbsd-9-2-RELEASE:1.4 cjep_staticlib_x:1.5.0.2 cjep_staticlib_x-base:1.5 v2_9:1.1.1.8 netbsd-9-1-RELEASE:1.4 phil-wifi-20200421:1.4 phil-wifi-20200411:1.4 is-mlppp:1.4.0.4 is-mlppp-base:1.4 phil-wifi-20200406:1.4 netbsd-8-2-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-9-0-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-9-0-RC2:1.4 netbsd-9-0-RC1:1.4 phil-wifi-20191119:1.4 netbsd-9:1.4.0.2 netbsd-9-base:1.4 phil-wifi-20190609:1.4 netbsd-8-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-8-1-RC1:1.3 pgoyette-compat-merge-20190127:1.3.12.1 pgoyette-compat-20190127:1.4 pgoyette-compat-20190118:1.4 v2_7:1.1.1.7 pgoyette-compat-1226:1.3 pgoyette-compat-1126:1.3 pgoyette-compat-1020:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0930:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0906:1.3 netbsd-7-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.2 pgoyette-compat-0728:1.3 netbsd-8-0-RELEASE:1.3 phil-wifi:1.3.0.14 phil-wifi-base:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0625:1.3 netbsd-8-0-RC2:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0521:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0502:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0422:1.3 netbsd-8-0-RC1:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0415:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0407:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0330:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0322:1.3 pgoyette-compat-0315:1.3 netbsd-7-1-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1 pgoyette-compat:1.3.0.12 pgoyette-compat-base:1.3 netbsd-7-1-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1 matt-nb8-mediatek:1.3.0.10 matt-nb8-mediatek-base:1.3 perseant-stdc-iso10646:1.3.0.8 perseant-stdc-iso10646-base:1.3 netbsd-8:1.3.0.6 netbsd-8-base:1.3 prg-localcount2-base3:1.3 prg-localcount2-base2:1.3 prg-localcount2-base1:1.3 prg-localcount2:1.3.0.4 prg-localcount2-base:1.3 pgoyette-localcount-20170426:1.3 bouyer-socketcan-base1:1.3 pgoyette-localcount-20170320:1.3 netbsd-7-1:1.1.1.3.4.1.0.6 netbsd-7-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-1-RC2:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-nhusb-base-20170116:1.1.1.3.4.1 bouyer-socketcan:1.3.0.2 bouyer-socketcan-base:1.3 pgoyette-localcount-20170107:1.3 netbsd-7-1-RC1:1.1.1.3.4.1 v2_6:1.1.1.6 pgoyette-localcount-20161104:1.2 netbsd-7-0-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1 localcount-20160914:1.2 netbsd-7-nhusb:1.1.1.3.4.1.0.4 netbsd-7-nhusb-base:1.1.1.3.4.1 pgoyette-localcount-20160806:1.2 pgoyette-localcount-20160726:1.2 pgoyette-localcount:1.2.0.2 pgoyette-localcount-base:1.2 netbsd-7-0-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-0:1.1.1.3.4.1.0.2 netbsd-7-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-0-RC3:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-0-RC2:1.1.1.3.4.1 netbsd-7-0-RC1:1.1.1.3.4.1 v2_4:1.1.1.5 v2_3:1.1.1.4 netbsd-6-0-6-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-5-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7:1.1.1.3.0.4 netbsd-7-base:1.1.1.3 yamt-pagecache-base9:1.1.1.3 yamt-pagecache-tag8:1.1.1.1.6.1 netbsd-6-1-4-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-5-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 tls-earlyentropy:1.1.1.3.0.2 tls-earlyentropy-base:1.1.1.3 riastradh-xf86-video-intel-2-7-1-pre-2-21-15:1.1.1.3 riastradh-drm2-base3:1.1.1.3 netbsd-6-1-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-4-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 v2_0:1.1.1.3 netbsd-6-1-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2-base2:1.1.1.2 riastradh-drm2-base1:1.1.1.2 riastradh-drm2:1.1.1.2.0.2 v1_1:1.1.1.2 riastradh-drm2-base:1.1.1.2 netbsd-6-1:1.1.1.1.0.16 netbsd-6-0-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC4:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC3:1.1.1.1 agc-symver:1.1.1.2.0.4 agc-symver-base:1.1.1.2 netbsd-6-1-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC1:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base8:1.1.1.2 netbsd-6-0-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base7:1.1.1.2 matt-nb6-plus-nbase:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base6:1.1.1.2 netbsd-6-0:1.1.1.1.0.14 netbsd-6-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 v1_0:1.1.1.2 netbsd-6-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 tls-maxphys:1.1.1.1.0.12 tls-maxphys-base:1.1.1.3 matt-nb6-plus:1.1.1.1.0.10 matt-nb6-plus-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base5:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base4:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6:1.1.1.1.0.8 netbsd-6-base:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base3:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base2:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache:1.1.1.1.0.6 yamt-pagecache-base:1.1.1.1 v0_7_3:1.1.1.1 cherry-xenmp:1.1.1.1.0.4 cherry-xenmp-base:1.1.1.1 bouyer-quota2-nbase:1.1.1.1 bouyer-quota2:1.1.1.1.0.2 bouyer-quota2-base:1.1.1.1 matt-mips64-premerge-20101231:1.1.1.1 v0_7_2:1.1.1.1 MALINEN:1.1.1; locks; strict; comment @# @; 1.6 date 2024.09.18.15.09.33; author christos; state Exp; branches; next 1.5; commitid qPhWFATOymjLEiqF; 1.5 date 2021.03.01.01.40.15; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.5.8.1; next 1.4; commitid PLGaj0x4PlRTSxJC; 1.4 date 2019.01.04.21.22.21; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.4.2.1; next 1.3; commitid C4DyZFFtsGyWIv6B; 1.3 date 2016.11.21.20.15.17; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.3.12.1 1.3.14.1; next 1.2; commitid AYlDIxSNKmVre2vz; 1.2 date 2016.03.23.09.31.58; author roy; state Exp; branches 1.2.2.1; next 1.1; commitid SqtyAb5epJmqtKZy; 1.1 date 2010.08.04.10.22.42; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.1.1.1; next ; 1.5.8.1 date 2025.08.02.05.24.22; author perseant; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid 23j6GFaDws3O875G; 1.4.2.1 date 2024.02.29.11.41.31; author martin; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid JxWuK0x3VE2xYj0F; 1.3.12.1 date 2019.01.18.08.48.42; author pgoyette; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid Lmlzg3OVT2cd6f8B; 1.3.14.1 date 2019.06.10.21.51.58; 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commitid aqsfGoFQny3sFwjy; 1.1.1.3.4.2 date 2017.08.12.05.56.19; author snj; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid UR2so85VTD0ZYS2A; 1.1.1.3.4.1.2.1 date 2017.08.12.05.31.35; author snj; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid CoaxPXicrWwYQS2A; 1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1 date 2017.08.12.05.44.04; author snj; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid TGNhASbyrOS6VS2A; desc @@ 1.6 log @Merge conflicts between 2.9 and 2.11 @ text @wpa_supplicant ============== Copyright (c) 2003-2024, Jouni Malinen and contributors All Rights Reserved. This program is licensed under the BSD license (the one with advertisement clause removed). If you are submitting changes to the project, please see CONTRIBUTIONS file for more instructions. License ------- This software may be distributed, used, and modified under the terms of BSD license: Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name(s) of the above-listed copyright holder(s) nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Features -------- Supported WPA/IEEE 802.11i features: - WPA-PSK ("WPA-Personal") - WPA with EAP (e.g., with RADIUS authentication server) ("WPA-Enterprise") Following authentication methods are supported with an integrate IEEE 802.1X Supplicant: * EAP-TLS * EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) * EAP-PEAP/TLS (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) * EAP-PEAP/GTC (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) * EAP-PEAP/OTP (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) * EAP-PEAP/MD5-Challenge (both PEAPv0 and PEAPv1) * EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge * EAP-TTLS/EAP-GTC * EAP-TTLS/EAP-OTP * EAP-TTLS/EAP-MSCHAPv2 * EAP-TTLS/EAP-TLS * EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 * EAP-TTLS/MSCHAP * EAP-TTLS/PAP * EAP-TTLS/CHAP * EAP-SIM * EAP-AKA * EAP-AKA' * EAP-PSK * EAP-PAX * EAP-SAKE * EAP-IKEv2 * EAP-GPSK * EAP-pwd * LEAP (note: requires special support from the driver for IEEE 802.11 authentication) (following methods are supported, but since they do not generate keying material, they cannot be used with WPA or IEEE 802.1X WEP keying) * EAP-MD5-Challenge * EAP-MSCHAPv2 * EAP-GTC * EAP-OTP - key management for CCMP, TKIP, WEP104, WEP40 - RSN/WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) * pre-authentication * PMKSA caching Supported TLS/crypto libraries: - OpenSSL (default) - GnuTLS Internal TLS/crypto implementation (optional): - can be used in place of an external TLS/crypto library - TLSv1 - X.509 certificate processing - PKCS #1 - ASN.1 - RSA - bignum - minimal size (ca. 50 kB binary, parts of which are already needed for WPA; TLSv1/X.509/ASN.1/RSA/bignum parts are about 25 kB on x86) Requirements ------------ Current hardware/software requirements: - Linux kernel 2.4.x or 2.6.x with Linux Wireless Extensions v15 or newer - FreeBSD 6-CURRENT - NetBSD-current - Microsoft Windows with WinPcap (at least WinXP, may work with other versions) - drivers: Linux drivers that support cfg80211/nl80211. Even though there are number of driver specific interface included in wpa_supplicant, please note that Linux drivers are moving to use generic wireless configuration interface driver_nl80211 (-Dnl80211 on wpa_supplicant command line) should be the default option to start with before falling back to driver specific interface. Linux drivers that support WPA/WPA2 configuration with the generic Linux wireless extensions (WE-18 or newer). Obsoleted by nl80211. In theory, any driver that supports Linux wireless extensions can be used with IEEE 802.1X (i.e., not WPA) when using ap_scan=0 option in configuration file. Wired Ethernet drivers (with ap_scan=0) BSD net80211 layer (e.g., Atheros driver) At the moment, this is for FreeBSD 6-CURRENT branch and NetBSD-current. Windows NDIS The current Windows port requires WinPcap (http://winpcap.polito.it/). See README-Windows.txt for more information. wpa_supplicant was designed to be portable for different drivers and operating systems. Hopefully, support for more wlan cards and OSes will be added in the future. See developer's documentation (http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/devel/) for more information about the design of wpa_supplicant and porting to other drivers. One main goal is to add full WPA/WPA2 support to Linux wireless extensions to allow new drivers to be supported without having to implement new driver-specific interface code in wpa_supplicant. Optional libraries for layer2 packet processing: - libpcap (tested with 0.7.2, most relatively recent versions assumed to work, this is likely to be available with most distributions, http://tcpdump.org/) - libdnet (tested with v1.4, most versions assumed to work, http://libdnet.sourceforge.net/) These libraries are _not_ used in the default Linux build. Instead, internal Linux specific implementation is used. libpcap/libdnet are more portable and they can be used by adding CONFIG_L2_PACKET=pcap into .config. They may also be selected automatically for other operating systems. In case of Windows builds, WinPcap is used by default (CONFIG_L2_PACKET=winpcap). Optional libraries for EAP-TLS, EAP-PEAP, and EAP-TTLS: - OpenSSL (tested with 1.0.1 and 1.0.2 versions; assumed to work with most relatively recent versions; this is likely to be available with most distributions, http://www.openssl.org/) - GnuTLS - internal TLSv1 implementation One of these libraries is needed when EAP-TLS, EAP-PEAP, EAP-TTLS, or EAP-FAST support is enabled. WPA-PSK mode does not require this or EAPOL/EAP implementation. A configuration file, .config, for compilation is needed to enable IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL and EAP methods. Note that EAP-MD5, EAP-GTC, EAP-OTP, and EAP-MSCHAPV2 cannot be used alone with WPA, so they should only be enabled if testing the EAPOL/EAP state machines. However, there can be used as inner authentication algorithms with EAP-PEAP and EAP-TTLS. See Building and installing section below for more detailed information about the wpa_supplicant build time configuration. WPA --- The original security mechanism of IEEE 802.11 standard was not designed to be strong and has proven to be insufficient for most networks that require some kind of security. Task group I (Security) of IEEE 802.11 working group (http://www.ieee802.org/11/) has worked to address the flaws of the base standard and has in practice completed its work in May 2004. The IEEE 802.11i amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard was approved in June 2004 and published in July 2004. Wi-Fi Alliance (http://www.wi-fi.org/) used a draft version of the IEEE 802.11i work (draft 3.0) to define a subset of the security enhancements that can be implemented with existing wlan hardware. This is called Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA). This has now become a mandatory component of interoperability testing and certification done by Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi provides information about WPA at its web site (http://www.wi-fi.org/OpenSection/protected_access.asp). IEEE 802.11 standard defined wired equivalent privacy (WEP) algorithm for protecting wireless networks. WEP uses RC4 with 40-bit keys, 24-bit initialization vector (IV), and CRC32 to protect against packet forgery. All these choices have proven to be insufficient: key space is too small against current attacks, RC4 key scheduling is insufficient (beginning of the pseudorandom stream should be skipped), IV space is too small and IV reuse makes attacks easier, there is no replay protection, and non-keyed authentication does not protect against bit flipping packet data. WPA is an intermediate solution for the security issues. It uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) to replace WEP. TKIP is a compromise on strong security and possibility to use existing hardware. It still uses RC4 for the encryption like WEP, but with per-packet RC4 keys. In addition, it implements replay protection, keyed packet authentication mechanism (Michael MIC). Keys can be managed using two different mechanisms. WPA can either use an external authentication server (e.g., RADIUS) and EAP just like IEEE 802.1X is using or pre-shared keys without need for additional servers. Wi-Fi calls these "WPA-Enterprise" and "WPA-Personal", respectively. Both mechanisms will generate a master session key for the Authenticator (AP) and Supplicant (client station). WPA implements a new key handshake (4-Way Handshake and Group Key Handshake) for generating and exchanging data encryption keys between the Authenticator and Supplicant. This handshake is also used to verify that both Authenticator and Supplicant know the master session key. These handshakes are identical regardless of the selected key management mechanism (only the method for generating master session key changes). IEEE 802.11i / WPA2 ------------------- The design for parts of IEEE 802.11i that were not included in WPA has finished (May 2004) and this amendment to IEEE 802.11 was approved in June 2004. Wi-Fi Alliance is using the final IEEE 802.11i as a new version of WPA called WPA2. This includes, e.g., support for more robust encryption algorithm (CCMP: AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC) to replace TKIP and optimizations for handoff (reduced number of messages in initial key handshake, pre-authentication, and PMKSA caching). wpa_supplicant -------------- wpa_supplicant is an implementation of the WPA Supplicant component, i.e., the part that runs in the client stations. It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator and EAP authentication with Authentication Server. In addition, it controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of the wlan driver. wpa_supplicant is designed to be a "daemon" program that runs in the background and acts as the backend component controlling the wireless connection. wpa_supplicant supports separate frontend programs and an example text-based frontend, wpa_cli, is included with wpa_supplicant. Following steps are used when associating with an AP using WPA: - wpa_supplicant requests the kernel driver to scan neighboring BSSes - wpa_supplicant selects a BSS based on its configuration - wpa_supplicant requests the kernel driver to associate with the chosen BSS - If WPA-EAP: integrated IEEE 802.1X Supplicant completes EAP authentication with the authentication server (proxied by the Authenticator in the AP) - If WPA-EAP: master key is received from the IEEE 802.1X Supplicant - If WPA-PSK: wpa_supplicant uses PSK as the master session key - wpa_supplicant completes WPA 4-Way Handshake and Group Key Handshake with the Authenticator (AP) - wpa_supplicant configures encryption keys for unicast and broadcast - normal data packets can be transmitted and received Building and installing ----------------------- In order to be able to build wpa_supplicant, you will first need to select which parts of it will be included. This is done by creating a build time configuration file, .config, in the wpa_supplicant root directory. Configuration options are text lines using following format: CONFIG_