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desc
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1.1
log
@Initial revision
@
text
@<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Postfix Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">

</head>

<body>

<h1><img src="postfix-logo.jpg" width="203" height="98" ALT="">Postfix
Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</h1>

<hr>

<h2>Purpose of this document</h2>

<p> This document requires Postfix version 2.0 or later. </p>

<p> This document gives an overview of how Postfix can be used for
hosting multiple Internet domains, both for final delivery on the
machine itself and for the purpose of forwarding to destinations
elsewhere. </p>

<p> The text not only describes delivery mechanisms that are built
into Postfix, but also gives pointers for using non-Postfix mail
delivery software. </p>

<p> The following topics are covered: </p>

<ul>

<li> <a href="#canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus other domains</a>

<li> <a href="#local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a>

<li> <a href="#local">As simple as can be: shared domains,
UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a>

<li> <a href="#mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a>

<li> <a href="#autoreplies">Autoreplies</a>

</ul>

<h2><a name="canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus 
other domains</a></h2>

<p>Most Postfix systems are <b>final destination</b> for only a
few domain names.  These include the hostnames and [the IP addresses]
of the machine that Postfix runs on, and sometimes also include
the parent domain of the hostname.  The remainder of this document
will refer to these domains as the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>. They are
usually implemented with the Postfix <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#local_domain_class">local domain</a> address class,
as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file.</p>

<p> Besides the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>, Postfix can be configured to be
<b>final destination</b> for any number of additional domains.
These domains are called hosted, because they are not directly
associated with the name of the machine itself. Hosted domains are
usually implemented with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> address class
and/or with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> address class, as defined
in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> But wait! There is more. Postfix can be configured as a backup
MX host for other domains. In this case Postfix is <b>not the final
destination</b> for those domains. It merely queues the mail when
the primary MX host is down, and forwards the mail when the primary
MX host becomes available. This function is implemented with the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#relay_domain_class">relay domain</a> address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a>
file.  </p>

<p> Finally, Postfix can be configured as a transit host for sending
mail across the internet. Obviously, Postfix is not final destination
for such mail. This function is available only for authorized
clients and/or users, and is implemented by the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#default_domain_class">default domain</a>
address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>
 
<h2><a name="local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a></h2>

<p> The examples in this text use table lookups from local files
such as DBM or Berkeley DB.  These are easy to debug with the
<b>postmap</b> command: </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com hash:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
</blockquote>

<p> See the documentation in <a href="LDAP_README.html">LDAP_README</a>, <a href="MYSQL_README.html">MYSQL_README</a> and <a href="PGSQL_README.html">PGSQL_README</a>
for how to replace local files by databases. The reader is strongly
advised to make the system work with local files before migrating
to network databases, and to use the <b>postmap</b> command to verify
that network database lookups produce the exact same results as
local file lookup. </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual.cf</tt>
</blockquote>

<h2><a name="local">As simple as can be: shared domains, UNIX system
accounts</a></h2>

<p> The simplest method to host an additional domain is to add the
domain name to the domains listed in the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
configuration parameter, and to add the user names to the UNIX
password file. </p>

<p> This approach makes no distinction between canonical and hosted
domains. Each username can receive mail in every domain. </p>

<p> In the examples we will use "example.com" as the domain that is
being hosted on the local Postfix machine. </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> = $<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a> localhost.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a> ... example.com
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> The limitations of this approach are: </p>

<ul>

<li>A total lack of separation: mail for info@@my.host.name is
delivered to the same UNIX system account as mail for info@@example.com.

<li> With users in the UNIX password file, administration of large
numbers of users becomes inconvenient.

</ul>

<p> The examples that follow provide solutions for both limitations.
</p>

<h2><a name="virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a></h2>

<p> With the approach described in this section, every <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a>
can have its own info etc. email address.  However, it still uses
UNIX system accounts for local mailbox deliveries. </p>

<p> With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domains</a>, each hosted address is aliased to
a local UNIX system account or to a remote address.  The example
below shows how to use this mechanism for the example.com domain.
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     info@@example.com       joe
 8     sales@@example.com      jane
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-8: the /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the virtual
aliases. With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for info@@example.com goes
to the UNIX account joe, and mail for sales@@example.com goes to
the UNIX account jane.  Mail for all other addresses in example.com
is rejected with the error message "User unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: the commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: virtual aliases can resolve to a local address or to a
remote address, or both.  They don't have to resolve to UNIX system
accounts on your machine. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<p> Virtual aliasing solves one problem: it allows each domain to
have its own info mail address. But there still is one drawback:
each virtual address is aliased to a UNIX system account. As you
add more virtual addresses you also add more UNIX system accounts.
The next section eliminates this problem. </p>

<h2><a name="virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> As a system hosts more and more domains and users, it becomes less
desirable to give every user their own UNIX system account.</p>

<p> With the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent, every
recipient address can have its own virtual mailbox. Unlike virtual
alias domains, <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a> do not need the clumsy
translation from each recipient addresses into a different address,
and owners of a virtual mailbox address do not need to have a UNIX
system account.</p>

<p> The Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent looks up the user
mailbox pathname, uid and gid via separate tables that are searched
with the recipient's mail address. Maildir style delivery is turned
on by terminating the mailbox pathname with "/".</p>

<p> If you find the idea of multiple tables bothersome, remember
that you can migrate the information (once it works), to an SQL
database.  If you take that route, be sure to review the <a
href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document.</p>

<p> Here is an example of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> "example.com":
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> = /var/mail/vhosts
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> = 100
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = static:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = static:5000
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 9 
10 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
11     info@@example.com    example.com/info
12     sales@@example.com   example.com/sales/
13     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
14     # @@example.com      example.com/catchall
15     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
16 
17 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
18     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> parameter specifies a
prefix for all virtual mailbox pathnames. This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being
delivered all over the file system. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 10-15: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with mailbox (or maildir) pathnames, indexed by
the virtual mail address.  In this example, mail for info@@example.com
goes to the mailbox at /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/info while mail
for sales@@example.com goes to the maildir located at
/var/mail/vhosts/example.com/sales/. </p>

<li> <p> Line 5: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> specifies a lower bound
on the mailbox or maildir owner's UID.  This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being written
to sensitive files. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 6, 7: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>
parameters specify that all the virtual mailboxes are owned by a
fixed uid and gid 5000.  If this is not what you want, specify
lookup tables that are searched by the recipient's mail address.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 14: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual mailbox address. Be prepared
to receive a lot of spam, as well as bounced spam that was sent in
the name of anything@@example.com. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 8, 17, 18: As you see, it is possible to mix virtual
aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to redirect
mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local postmaster.
You can use the same mechanism to redirect an address to a remote
address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 18: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: mail delivery happens with the recipient's UID/GID
privileges specified with <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>.
Postfix 2.0 and earlier will not create mailDIRs in world-writable
parent directories; you must create them in advance before you can
use them. Postfix may be able to create mailBOX files by itself,
depending on parent directory write permissions, but it is safer
to create mailBOX files ahead of time. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual mailbox delivery agent are given
in the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<h2><a name="in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> This is a variation on the Postfix <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_mailbox">virtual mailbox example</a>.
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox.  </p>

<p> While non-Postfix software is being used for final delivery,
some Postfix concepts are still needed in order to glue everything
together.  For additional background on this glue you may want to
take a look at the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> class as defined in the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> The text in this section describes what things should look like
from Postfix's point of view. See <a href="CYRUS_README.html">CYRUS_README</a> or <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a>
for specific information about Cyrus or about Courier maildrop.
</p>

<p> Here is an example for a <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a> example.com that delivers
to a non-Postfix delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = ...see below...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 6 
 7 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
 8     info@@example.com    whatever
 9     sales@@example.com   whatever
10     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
11     # Configure the mailbox store to accept all addresses.
12     # @@example.com      whatever
13     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
14 
15 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
16     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: With delivery to a non-Postfix mailbox store for
<a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>, the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> parameter usually specifies
the Postfix LMTP client, or the name of a <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> entry that
executes non-Postfix software via the pipe delivery agent.  Typical
examples (use only one): </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:unix:/path/name (uses UNIX-domain socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:hostname:port   (uses TCP socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = maildrop:            (uses <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> to command)
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Postfix comes ready with support for LMTP.  And an example
maildrop delivery method is already defined in the default Postfix
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. See the <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a> document for more details.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is delivered via the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> that was
discussed in the previous paragraph. If you omit this
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting then Postfix will either reject
mail (relay access denied) or will not be able to deliver it (mail
for example.com loops back to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain!  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain!  </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 7-13: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with all valid recipient addresses. The lookup
result value is ignored by Postfix.  In the above example,
info@@example.com
and sales@@example.com are listed as valid addresses; other mail for
example.com is rejected with "User unknown" by the Postfix SMTP
server. It's left up to the non-Postfix delivery agent to reject
non-existent recipients from local submission or from local alias
expansion.  If you intend to
use LDAP, MySQL or PgSQL instead of local files, be sure to review
the <a href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document! </p>

<li> <p> Line 12: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would inform Postfix of the existence of a catch-all address.
Again, the lookup result is ignored by Postfix. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<p> Note: if you specify a wildcard in <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>, then
you still need to configure the non-Postfix mailbox store to receive
mail for any address in that domain. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 5, 15, 16: As you see above, it is possible to mix
virtual aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to
redirect mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local
postmaster. You can use the same mechanism to redirect any addresses
to a local or remote address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 16: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<h2><a name="forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a></h2>

<p> Some providers host domains that have no (or only a few) local
mailboxes. The main purpose of these domains is to forward mail
elsewhere.  The following example shows how to set up example.com
as a mail forwarding domain: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     joe@@example.com        joe@@somewhere
 8     jane@@example.com       jane@@somewhere-else
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim@@yet-another-site
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-11: The /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the
virtual aliases.  With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for joe@@example.com goes
to the remote address joe@@somewhere, and mail for jane@@example.com
goes to the remote address jane@@somewhere-else.  Mail for all other
addresses in example.com is rejected with the error message "User
unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<h2><a name="mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a></h2>

<p> The examples that were given above already show how to direct
mail for virtual postmaster addresses to a local postmaster. You
can use the same method to direct mail for any address to a local
or remote address. </p>

<p> There is one major limitation:  virtual aliases and virtual
mailboxes can't directly deliver to mailing list managers such as
majordomo.  The solution is to set up virtual aliases that direct
virtual addresses to the local delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    listname-request@@example.com listname-request
    listname@@example.com         listname
    owner-listname@@example.com   owner-listname

/etc/aliases:
    listname: "|/some/where/majordomo/wrapper ..."
    owner-listname: ...
    listname-request: ...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a> is listed under
the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is not the case,
specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand side of the
virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to the wrong
domain. </p>

<p> More information about the Postfix local delivery agent can be
found in the <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<p> Why does this example use a clumsy virtual alias instead of a
more elegant transport mapping? The reason is that mail for the
virtual mailing list would be rejected with "User unknown".  In
order to make the transport mapping work one would still need a
bunch of virtual alias or virtual mailbox table entries. </p>

<ul>

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, there would need to be one
identity mapping from each mailing list address to itself.

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>, there would need to be
a dummy mailbox for each mailing list address.

</ul>

<h2><a name="autoreplies">Autoreplies</a></h2>

<p> In order to set up an autoreply for virtual recipients while
still delivering mail as normal, set up a rule in a virtual alias
table: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    user@@domain.tld user@@domain.tld, user@@domain.tld@@autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This delivers mail to the recipient, and sends a copy of the
mail to the address that produces automatic replies. The address
can be serviced on a different machine, or it can be serviced
locally by setting up a transport map entry that pipes all mail
for autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld into some script that sends an automatic
reply back to the sender. </p>

<p> DO NOT list autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld in <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>! </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/transport

/etc/postfix/transport:
    autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld  autoreply:

/etc/postfix/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>:
    # =============================================================
    # service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command
    #               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
    # =============================================================
    autoreply unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
        flags= user=nobody argv=/path/to/autoreply $sender $mailbox
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This invokes /path/to/autoreply with the sender address and
the user@@domain.tld recipient address on the command line. </p>

<p> For more information, see the <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> manual page, and the
comments in the Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. </p>

</body>

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- Improved address verification performance. The verify database is now
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- Support for reputation management based on the local SMTP client IP address.
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 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
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a265 3
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d360 1
a360 5
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox. However, most
parameters that control the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> delivery agent are no longer
applicable: only <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>
stay in effect.  These parameters are needed to reject mail for
unknown recipients.  </p>
d381 2
a382 2
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d487 1
a487 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d554 1
a554 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d602 1
a602 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d621 1
a621 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/transport
@


1.1.1.2.6.1
log
@sync with head.

for a reference, the tree before this commit was tagged
as yamt-pagecache-tag8.

this commit was splitted into small chunks to avoid
a limitation of cvs.  ("Protocol error: too many arguments")
@
text
@d263 2
a264 2
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
d360 1
a360 5
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox. However, most
parameters that control the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> delivery agent are no longer
applicable: only <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>
stay in effect.  These parameters are needed to reject mail for
unknown recipients.  </p>
@


1.1.1.3
log
@Import Postfix 2.10.2. Major changes since version 2.9.* are:
- Separation of relay policy (with smtpd_relay_restrictions) from spam policy
  (with smtpd_{client, helo, sender, recipient}_restrictions), which makes
  accidental open relay configuration less likely. The default is backwards
  compatible.
- HAproxy load-balancer support for postscreen(8) and smtpd(8). The nginx
  proxy was already supported by Postfix 2.9 smtpd(8), using XCLIENT commands.
- Support for the TLSv1 and TLSv2 protocols, as well as support to turn them
  off if needed for inter-operability.
- Laptop-friendly configuration. By default, Postfix now uses UNIX-domain
  sockets instead of FIFOs, and thus avoids MTIME file system updates on an
  idle mail system.
- Revised postconf(1) command. The "-x" option expands $name in a parameter
  value (both main.cf and master.cf); the "-o name=value" option overrides
  a main.cf parameter setting; and postconf(1) now warns about a $name that
  has no name=value setting.
- Sendmail-style "socketmap" lookup tables.
@
text
@d263 2
a264 2
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">static</a>:5000
d360 1
a360 5
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox. However, most
parameters that control the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> delivery agent are no longer
applicable: only <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>
stay in effect.  These parameters are needed to reject mail for
unknown recipients.  </p>
@


1.1.1.3.2.1
log
@Rebase.
@
text
@d102 1
a102 1
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
d168 1
a168 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d261 1
a261 1
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
d265 1
a265 1
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d385 2
a386 2
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d491 1
a491 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d558 1
a558 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d606 1
a606 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d625 1
a625 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/transport
@


1.1.1.4
log
@Import Postfix 2.11.1. The main changes since version 2.10.* are:
- Support for PKI-less TLS server certificate verification with DANE
  (DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities) where the CA public key
  or the server certificate is identified via DNSSEC lookup. This
  requires a DNS resolver that validates DNSSEC replies. The problem
  with conventional PKI is that there are literally hundreds of
  organizations world-wide that can provide a certificate in anyone's
  name. DANE limits trust to the people who control the target DNS
  zone and its parent zones.
- A new postscreen_dnsbl_whitelist_threshold feature to allow clients
  to skip postscreen tests based on their DNSBL score. This can
  eliminate email delays due to "after 220 greeting" protocol tests,
  which otherwise require that a client reconnects before it can
  deliver mail. Some providers such as Google don't retry from the
  same IP address, and that can result in large email delivery delays.
- The recipient_delimiter feature now supports different delimiters,
  for example both "+" and "-". As before, this implementation
  recognizes exactly one delimiter character per email address, and
  exactly one address extension per email address.
- Advanced master.cf query/update support to access service attributes
  as "name = value" pairs. For example to turn off chroot on all
  services use "postconf -F '*/*/chroot = n'", and to change/add a
  "-o name=value" setting use "postconf -P 'smtp/inet/name = value'".
  This was developed primarily to allow automated tools to manage Postfix
  systems without having to parse Postfix configuration files.
@
text
@d102 1
a102 1
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
d168 1
a168 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d261 1
a261 1
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
d265 1
a265 1
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d385 2
a386 2
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d491 1
a491 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d558 1
a558 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d606 1
a606 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
d625 1
a625 1
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/transport
@


1.1.1.4.26.1
log
@Pull up the following, requeste by kim in ticket #1779:

	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/BDAT_README up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/MAILLOG_README up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/POSTSCREEN_3_5_README up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/BDAT_README.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/MAILLOG_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/makedefs.1.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postlogd.8.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/POSTSCREEN_3_5_README.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postfix-doc.css up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/makedefs.1 up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man8/postlogd.8 up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/missing-proxy-read-maps up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/spelldiff up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-double-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-double-install-proto-text up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-double-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/comment.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-postfix-files up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-spell-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-spell-install-proto-text up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-spell-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/deroff up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/find-double up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-double-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-spell-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-table-proto up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/BDAT_README.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MAILLOG_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/POSTSCREEN_3_5_README.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-install-proto-text up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.spell-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.spell-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.spell-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/bounce_notify_util_tester.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-no-msgid-no-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-no-msgid-with-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-with-msgid-no-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-with-msgid-with-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-with-msgid-with-filter up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/logfile-with-msgid-with-long-line up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-no-msgid-no-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-no-msgid-with-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-with-msgid-no-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-with-msgid-with-eoh-event up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/obs_template_test.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-with-msgid-with-filter up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/msgfile-with-msgid-with-long-line up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/no-msgid-no-eoh-event-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/no-msgid-no-eoh-event-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/no-msgid-with-eoh-event-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/no-msgid-with-eoh-event-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-no-eoh-event-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-no-eoh-event-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-eoh-event-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-eoh-event-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-filter-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-filter-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-long-line-no-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/bounce/with-msgid-with-long-line-with-thread.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in13e up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in13f up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in13g up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in13h up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in13i up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref13e up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref13f up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref13g up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref13h up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref13i up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file13e up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file13f up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file13g up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file13h up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file13i up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17a up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17b up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17c up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17d up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17e up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17f up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.in17g up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17a1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17a2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17b1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17b2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17c1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17c2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17d1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17d2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17e1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17e2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17f1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17f2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17g1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.ref17g2 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/test-queue-file17 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_str_resflags.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_sec.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/header_body_checks_strip.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/info_log_addr_form.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/info_log_addr_form.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_crunch.in up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_crunch.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_find.in up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/map_search.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/map_search.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_find.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_form.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_form.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_addr_map.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/maillog_client.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/maillog_client.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/map_search.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/normalize_mailhost_addr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/normalize_mailhost_addr.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/off_cvt.in up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/off_cvt.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/quote_822_local.in up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/quote_822_local.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/quote_flags.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/reject_deliver_request.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/test_main.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level_convert.in up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level_convert.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level_expand.in up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level_expand.ref up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/config_known_tcp_ports.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/config_known_tcp_ports.h up to 1.2
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	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/inet_proto.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/killme_after.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/listen.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/load_lib.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/lstat_as.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.in up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.ref up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_parse.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/make_dirs.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/match_list.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/match_ops.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/midna_domain.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/midna_domain.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/midna_domain_test.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/msg_output.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/msg_output.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/msg_syslog.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/msg_syslog.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mvect.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.ref up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo4.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myflock.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myflock.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mymalloc.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mymalloc.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mystrtok.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/name_mask.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/nbbio.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/netstring.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/peekfd.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/printable.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/recv_pass_attr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sane_fsops.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sane_link.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sane_rename.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sane_socketpair.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/slmdb.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sock_addr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sock_addr.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/split_nameval.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/stat_as.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/stringops.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sys_compat.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sys_defs.h up to 1.14
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/timed_wait.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/unix_pass_fd_fix.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/unix_send_fd.c up to 1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/unsafe.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/valid_hostname.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/valid_hostname.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vbuf.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vbuf_print.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstream.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstream.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstream_tweak.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring_vstream.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring_vstream.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/watchdog.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/verify/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/verify/verify.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/mailbox.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/virtual.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_cyrus_client.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_cyrus_server.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_dovecot_server.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_saslc_client.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_server.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/dns/Makefile    up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/global/Makefile up to 1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/masterlib/Makefile up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/milter/Makefile up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/tls/Makefile    up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/util/Makefile   up to 1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/xsasl/Makefile  up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/libexec/smtp/Makefile up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/libexec/smtpd/Makefile up to 1.9 (+patch)
	external/ibm-public/postfix/libexec/tlsproxy/Makefile up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/sbin/postconf/Makefile up to 1.9
	doc/3RDPARTY					(apply patch)

Update Postfix to 3.8.4.
@
text
@d10 1
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'>
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<p>Most Postfix systems are the <b>final destination</b> for only a
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the <b>final destination</b> for any number of additional domains.
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mail across the internet. Obviously, Postfix is not the final destination
@


1.1.1.5
log
@Import Postfix-3.7.3 (previous version was 3.5.2)

This is the Postfix 3.7 (stable) release.

The stable Postfix release is called postfix-3.7.x where 3=major
release number, 7=minor release number, x=patchlevel.  The stable
release never changes except for patches that address bugs or
emergencies. Patches change the patchlevel and the release date.

New features are developed in snapshot releases. These are called
postfix-3.8-yyyymmdd where yyyymmdd is the release date (yyyy=year,
mm=month, dd=day).  Patches are never issued for snapshot releases;
instead, a new snapshot is released.

The mail_release_date configuration parameter (format: yyyymmdd)
specifies the release date of a stable release or snapshot release.

If you upgrade from Postfix 3.5 or earlier, read RELEASE_NOTES-3.6
before proceeding.

License change
---------------

This software is distributed with a dual license: in addition to the
historical IBM Public License 1.0, it is now also distributed with the
more recent Eclipse Public License 2.0. Recipients can choose to take
the software under the license of their choice. Those who are more
comfortable with the IPL can continue with that license.

Bugfix for messages not delivered after "warning: Unexpected record type 'X'
============================================================================

Due to a bug introduced in Postfix 3.7.0, a message could falsely
be flagged as corrupt with "warning: Unexpected record type 'X'".

Such messages were moved to the "corrupt" queue directory, where
they may still be found. See below for instructions to deal with
these falsely flagged messages.

This could happen for messages with 5000 or more recipients, or
with fewer recipients on a busy mail server. The problem was first
reported by Frank Brendel, reproduced by John Alex.

A file in the "corrupt" queue directory may be inspected with the
command "postcat /var/spool/postfix/corrupt/<filename>. If delivery
of the file is still desired, the file can be moved back to
/var/spool/postfix/incoming after updating Postfix and executing
"postfix reload".

Major changes - configuration
-----------------------------

[Feature 20210605] Support to inline the content of small cidr:,
pcre:, and regexp: tables in Postfix parameter values.

Example:

    smtpd_forbidden_commands =
	CONNECT GET POST regexp:{{/^[^A-Z]/ Thrash}}

This is the new smtpd_forbidden_commands default value. It will
immediately disconnect a remote SMTP client when a command does not
start with a letter (a-z or A-Z).

The basic syntax is:

/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    parameter = .. map-type:{ { rule-1 }, { rule-2 } .. } ..

/etc/postfix/master.cf:
    .. -o { parameter = .. map-type:{ { rule-1 }, { rule-2 } .. } .. } ..

where map-type is one of cidr, pcre, or regexp.

Postfix ignores whitespace after '{' and before '}', and writes each
rule as one text line to a nameless in-memory file:

in-memory file:
    rule-1
    rule-2
    ..

Postfix parses the result as if it is a file in /etc/postfix.

Note: if a rule contains $, specify $$ to keep Postfix from trying
to do $name expansion as it evaluates the parameter value.

Major changes - lmdb support
----------------------------

[Feature 20210605] Overhauled the LMDB client's error handling, and
added integration tests for future-proofing. There are no visible
changes in documented behavior.

Major changes - logging
-----------------------

[Feature 20210815] To make the maillog_file feature more useful,
the postlog(1) command is now set-gid postdrop, so that unprivileged
programs can use it to write logging through the postlogd(8) daemon.
This required hardening the postlog(1) command against privilege
escalation attacks. DO NOT turn on the set-gid bit with older
postlog(1) implementations.

Major changes - pcre2 support
-----------------------------

[Feature 20211127] Support for the pcre2 library (the legacy pcre
library is no longer maintained). The Postfix build procedure
automatically detects if the pcre2 library is installed, and if it
is unavailable, the Postfix build procedure will detect if the
legacy pcre library is installed. See PCRE_README if you need to
build Postfix with a specific library.

Visible differences: some error messages may have a different text,
and the 'X' pattern flag is no longer supported with pcre2.

Major changes - security
------------------------

[Feature 20220102] Postfix programs now randomize the initial state
of in-memory hash tables, to defend against hash collision attacks
involving a large number of attacker-chosen lookup keys. Presently,
the only known opportunity for such attacks involves remote SMTP
client IPv6 addresses in the anvil(8) service. The attack would
require making hundreds of short-lived connections per second from
thousands of different IP addresses, because the anvil(8) service
drops inactive counters after 100s. Other in-memory hash tables
with attacker-chosen lookup keys are by design limited in size. The
fix is cheap, and therefore implemented for all Postfix in-memory
hash tables. Problem reported by Pascal Junod.

[Feature 20211030] The postqueue command now sanitizes non-printable
characters (such as newlines) in strings before they are formatted
as json or as legacy output. These outputs are piped into other
programs that are run by administrative users. This closes a
hypothetical opportunity for privilege escalation.

[Feature 20210815] Updated defense against remote clients or servers
that 'trickle' SMTP or LMTP traffic, based on per-request deadlines
and minimum data rates.

Per-request deadlines:

The new {smtpd,smtp,lmtp}_per_request_deadline parameters replace
{smtpd,smtp,lmtp}_per_record_deadline, with backwards compatible
default settings. This defense is enabled by default in the Postfix
SMTP server in case of overload.

The new smtpd_per_record_deadline parameter limits the combined
time for the Postfix SMTP server to receive a request and to send
a response, while the new {smtp,lmtp}_per_record_deadline parameters
limit the combined time for the Postfix SMTP or LMTP client to send
a request and to receive a response.

Minimum data rates:

The new smtpd_min_data_rate parameter enforces a minimum plaintext
data transfer rate for DATA and BDAT requests, but only when
smtpd_per_record_deadline is enabled. After a read operation transfers
N plaintext bytes (possibly after TLS decryption), and after the
DATA or BDAT request deadline is decreased by the elapsed time of
that read operation, the DATA or BDAT request deadline is increased
by N/smtpd_min_data_rate seconds. However, the deadline is never
increased beyond the smtpd_timeout value. The default minimum data
rate is 500 (bytes/second) but is still subject to change.

The new {smtp,lmtp}_min_data_rate parameters enforce the corresponding
minimum DATA transfer rates for the Postfix SMTP and LMTP client.

Major changes - tls support
---------------------------

[Cleanup 20220121] The new tlsproxy_client_security_level parameter
replaces tlsproxy_client_level, and the new tlsproxy_client_policy_maps
parameter replaces tlsproxy_client_policy. This is for consistent
parameter naming (tlsproxy_client_xxx corresponds to smtp_tls_xxx).
This change was made with backwards-compatible default settings.

[Feature 20210926] Postfix was updated to support OpenSSL 3.0.0 API
features, and to work around OpenSSL 3.0.0 bit-rot (avoid using
deprecated API features).

Other code health
-----------------

[typos] Typo fixes by raf.

[pre-release checks] Added pre-release checks to detect a) new typos
in documentation and source-code comments, b) missing entries in
the postfix-files file (some documentation would not be installed),
c) missing rules in the postlink script (some text would not have
a hyperlink in documentation), and d) missing map-based $parameter
names in the proxy_read_maps default value (the proxymap daemon
would not automatically authorize some proxied maps).

[memory stream] Improved support for memory-based streams made it
possible to inline small cidr:, pcre:, and regexp: maps in Postfix
parameter values, and to eliminate some ad-hoc code that converted
tlsproxy(8) protocol data to or from serialized form.

*************************************************************************

This is the Postfix 3.6 (stable) release.

The stable Postfix release is called postfix-3.6.x where 3=major
release number, 6=minor release number, x=patchlevel. The stable
release never changes except for patches that address bugs or
emergencies. Patches change the patchlevel and the release date.

New features are developed in snapshot releases. These are called
postfix-3.7-yyyymmdd where yyyymmdd is the release date (yyyy=year,
mm=month, dd=day). Patches are never issued for snapshot releases;
instead, a new snapshot is released.

The mail_release_date configuration parameter (format: yyyymmdd)
specifies the release date of a stable release or snapshot release.

If you upgrade from Postfix 3.4 or earlier, read RELEASE_NOTES-3.5
before proceeding.

License change
---------------

This software is distributed with a dual license: in addition to the
historical IBM Public License 1.0, it is now also distributed with the
more recent Eclipse Public License 2.0. Recipients can choose to take
the software under the license of their choice. Those who are more
comfortable with the IPL can continue with that license.

Major changes - internal protocol identification
------------------------------------------------

[Incompat 20200920] Internal protocols have changed. You need to
"postfix stop" before updating, or before backing out to an earlier
release, otherwise long-running daemons (pickup, qmgr, verify, tlsproxy,
postscreen) may fail to communicate with the rest of Postfix, causing
mail delivery delays until Postfix is restarted.

This change does not affect message files in Postfix queue directories,
only the communication between running Postfix programs.

With this change, every Postfix internal service, including the postdrop
command, announces the name of its protocol before doing any other I/O.
Every Postfix client program, including the Postfix sendmail command,
will verify that the protocol name matches what it is supposed to be.

The purpose of this change is to produce better error messages, for
example, when someone configures the discard daemon as a bounce
service in master.cf, or vice versa.

This change may break third-party programs that implement a
Postfix-internal protocol such as qpsmtpd. Such programs have never
been supported. Fortunately, this will be an easy fix: look at the
first data from the cleanup daemon: if it is a protocol announcement,
you're talking to Postfix 3.6 or later. That's the only real change.

Major changes - tls
-------------------

[Incompat 20200705] The minimum supported OpenSSL version is 1.1.1,
which will reach the end of life by 2023-09-11. Postfix 3.6 is
expected to reach the end of support in 2025. Until then, Postfix
will be updated as needed for compatibility with OpenSSL.

The default fingerprint digest has changed from md5 to sha256 (Postfix
3.6 with compatibility_level >= 3.6). With a lower compatibility_level
setting, Postfix defaults to using md5, and logs a warning when a Postfix
configuration specifies no explicit digest type.

Export-grade Diffie-Hellman key exchange is no longer supported,
and the tlsproxy_tls_dh512_param_file parameter is ignored,

[Feature 20200906] The tlstype.pl helper script by Viktor Dukhovni
reports TLS information per message delivery. This processes output
from the collate.pl script. See auxiliary/collate/README.tlstype and
auxiliary/collate/tlstype.pl.

Major changes - compatibility level
-----------------------------------

[Feature 20210109] Starting with Postfix version 3.6, the compatibility
level is "3.6". In future Postfix releases, the compatibility level will
be the Postfix version that introduced the last incompatible change. The
level is formatted as 'major.minor.patch', where 'patch' is usually
omitted and defaults to zero. Earlier compatibility levels are 0, 1 and 2.

This also introduces main.cf and master.cf support for the <=level,
<level, and other operators to compare compatibility levels. With the
standard <=, <, etc. operators, compatibility level 3.10 would be less
than 3.9, which is undesirable.

Major changes - services(5) override
------------------------------------

[Feature 20210418] Postfix no longer uses the services(5) database
to look up the TCP ports for SMTP and LMTP services. Instead, this
information is configured with the new known_tcp_ports configuration
parameter (default: lmtp=24, smtp=25, smtps=submissions=465,
submission=587). When a service is not specified in known_tcp_ports,
Postfix will still query the services(5) database.

Major changes - local_login_sender_maps
---------------------------------------

[Feature 20201025] Fine-grained control over the envelope sender address
for submission with the Postfix sendmail (or postdrop) commands.

The local_login_sender_maps parameter (default: static:*) specifies
a list of lookup tables that are searched by the UNIX login name, and
that return a list of allowed envelope sender patterns separated by
space or comma. The default is backwards-compatible: every user may
specify any sender envelope address.

This feature is enforced by the postdrop command. When no UNIX login
name is available, the postdrop command will prepend "uid:" to the
numerical UID and use that instead.

This feature ignores address extensions in the user-specified
envelope sender address.

Besides the special pattern "*" which allows any sender address,
there are "<>" which matches an empty sender address, and the
"@@domain" wildcard pattern. More information about those can be found
in the postconf(5) manpage.

Example:

/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    # Allow root and postfix full control, anyone else can only
    # send mail as themselves. Use "uid:" followed by the numerical
    # UID when the UID has no entry in the UNIX password file.
    local_login_sender_maps =
        inline:{ { root = *}, { postfix = * } },
        pcre:/etc/postfix/login_senders

/etc/postfix/login_senders:
   # Allow both the bare username and the user@@domain forms.
    /(.+)/ $1 $1@@example.com

Major changes - order of relay and recipient restrictions
---------------------------------------------------------

[Incompat 20210131] With smtpd_relay_before_recipient_restrictions=yes,
the Postfix SMTP server will evaluate smtpd_relay_restrictions before
smtpd_recipient_restrictions. This is the default behavior with
compatibility_level >= 3.6.

This change makes the implemented behavior consistent with existing
documentation. There is a backwards-compatibility warning that allows
users to freeze historical behavior. See COMPATIBILITY_README for
details.

Major changes - respectful logging
----------------------------------

[Feature 20210220] Postfix version 3.6 deprecates terminology
that implies white is better than black. Instead, Postfix prefers
'allowlist', 'denylist', and variations on those words. This change
affects Postfix documentation, and postscreen parameters and logging.

To keep the old postscreen logging set "respectful_logging = no"
in main.cf.

Noel Jones assisted with the initial transition.

Changes in documentation
------------------------

Postfix documentation was updated to use 'allowlist', 'denylist', etc.
These documentation changes do not affect Postfix behavior.

Changes in parameter names
--------------------------

The following postscreen parameters replace names that contain 'blacklist'
or 'whitelist':

    postscreen_allowlist_interfaces
    postscreen_denylist_action
    postscreen_dnsbl_allowlist_threshold

These new parameters have backwards-compatible default settings
that support the old parameter names, so that the name change should
not affect Postfix behavior. This means that existing management tools
that use the old parameter names should keep working as before.

This compatibility safety net may break when some management tools
use the new parameter names, and some use the old names, such that
different tools will disagree on how Postfix works.

Changes in logging
------------------

The following logging replaces forms that contain 'blacklist' or
'whitelist':

    postfix/postscreen[pid]: ALLOWLIST VETO [address]:port
    postfix/postscreen[pid]: ALLOWLISTED [address]:port
    postfix/postscreen[pid]: DENYLISTED [address]:port

To avoid breaking logfile analysis tools, Postfix keeps logging the old
forms by default, as long as the compatibility_level parameter setting
is less than 3.6, and the respectful_logging parameter is not explicitly
configured. As a reminder, Postfix will log the following:

    postfix/postscreen[pid]: Using backwards-compatible default setting
        respectful_logging=no for client [address]:port

To keep logging the old form, make the setting "respectful_logging =
no" permanent in main.cf, for example:

    # postconf "respectful_logging = no"
    # postfix reload

To stop the reminder, configure the respectful_logging parameter to
"yes" or "no", or configure "compatibility_level = 3.6".

Major changes - threaded bounces
--------------------------------

[Feature 20201205] Support for threaded bounces. This allows mail
readers to present a non-delivery, delayed delivery, or successful
delivery notification in the same email thread as the original
message.

Unfortunately, this also makes it easy for users to mistakenly delete
the whole email thread (all related messages), instead of deleting
only the delivery status notification.

To enable, specify "enable_threaded_bounces = yes".

Other changes - smtpd_sasl_mechanism_list
-----------------------------------------

[Feature 20200906] The smtpd_sasl_mechanism_list parameter (default:
!external, static:rest) prevents confusing errors when a SASL backend
announces EXTERNAL support which Postfix does not support.

Other changes - delivery logging
--------------------------------

[Incompat 20200531] Postfix delivery agents now log an explicit record
when delegating delivery to a different Postfix delivery agent.

For example, with "best_mx_transport = local", an SMTP delivery
agent will now log when a recipient will be delivered locally. This
makes the delegating delivery agent visible, where it would otherwise
have remained invisible, which would complicate troubleshooting.

  postfix/smtp[pid]: queueid: passing <recipient> to transport=local

This will usually be followed by logging for an actual delivery:

  postfix/local[pid]: queueid: to=<recipient>, relay=local, ...

Other examples: the local delivery agent will log a record that it
defers mailbox delivery through mailbox_transport or through
fallback_transport.

Other changes - error logging
-----------------------------

[Incompat 20200531] Postfix programs will now log "Application error"
instead of "Success" or "Unknown error: 0" when an operation fails with
errno == 0, i.e., the error originates from non-kernel code.

Other changes - dns lookups
---------------------------

[Feature 20200509] The threadsafe resolver API (res_nxxx() calls)
is now the default, not because the API is threadsafe, but because
this is the API where new features are being added.

To build old style, build with:

    make makefiles CCARGS="-DNO_RES_NCALLS..."

This is the default for systems that are known not to support the
threadsafe resolver API.
@
text
@d10 1
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
d65 1
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<p>Most Postfix systems are the <b>final destination</b> for only a
d74 1
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the <b>final destination</b> for any number of additional domains.
d90 1
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mail across the internet. Obviously, Postfix is not the final destination
@


1.1.1.5.2.1
log
@Pullup the following, requested by kim in ticket #518:

	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postfix-doc.css up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-double-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-spell-history up to 1.1.1.1
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/mantools/check-table-proto up to 1.1.1.1
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	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MAILDROP_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MAILLOG_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MEMCACHE_README.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MILTER_README.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MULTI_INSTANCE_README.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/MYSQL_README.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/NFS_README.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/OVERVIEW.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/PACKAGE_README.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/PCRE_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/PGSQL_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/POSTSCREEN_3_5_README.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/POSTSCREEN_README.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/QSHAPE_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SASL_README.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SCHEDULER_README.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SMTPD_POLICY_README.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SMTPD_PROXY_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SMTPUTF8_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/SQLITE_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/STRESS_README.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/TLS_LEGACY_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/TLS_README.html up to 1.14
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/TUNING_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/UUCP_README.html up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/VERP_README.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/VIRTUAL_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/XCLIENT_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/XFORWARD_README.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/aliases  up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/cidr_table up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/ldap_table up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/mysql_table up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/pcre_table up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/pgsql_table up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/postconf.html.prolog up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/postconf.proto up to 1.19
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/regexp_table up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop     up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.double-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.spell-cc up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/stop.spell-proto-html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/proto/virtual  up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_map1n.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_milter.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns.h  up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_lookup.c up to 1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_rr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_rr_eq_sa.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_sa_to_rr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_str_resflags.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_strrecord.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/dns/dns_strtype.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/compat_level.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_ldap.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_memcache.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_mysql.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_pgsql.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_proxy.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dict_sqlite.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/dynamicmaps.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/header_body_checks.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_dict.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_params.h up to 1.19
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_proto.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mail_version.h up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/map_search.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/map_search.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/maps.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/maps.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/mkmap_proxy.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/namadr_list.in up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/namadr_list.ref up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/smtp_stream.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/global/smtp_stream.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/local/local_expand.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/milter/milter8.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postalias/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postalias/postalias.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf_dbms.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf_edit.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf_main.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf_master.c up to 1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/postconf_misc.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postconf/test58.ref up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postfix/postfix.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postlog/postlog.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postlogd/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postmap/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postmap/postmap.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postqueue/postqueue.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postscreen/postscreen.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/postscreen/postscreen_smtpd.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/posttls-finger/posttls-finger.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/proxymap/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/showq/showq.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/lmtp_params.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp.c up to 1.13
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_addr.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_addr.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_connect.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_params.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_proto.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_reuse.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtp/smtp_session.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd.c up to 1.20
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_check.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_peer.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_proxy.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_sasl_glue.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_server.in up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_server.ref up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls.h  up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_client.c up to 1.13
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	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_dh.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_fprint.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_misc.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_proxy.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_proxy_client_misc.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_proxy_client_print.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_proxy_client_scan.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tls/tls_server.c up to 1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/tlsproxy/tlsproxy.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/argv.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/argv.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/attr.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/clean_env.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_cache.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_cdb.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_cidr.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_db.h up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_dbm.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_fail.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_lmdb.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_open.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_pcre.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_regexp.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_sdbm.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/hash_fnv.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/hash_fnv.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/htable.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/inet_connect.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/make_dirs.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/match_list.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mystrtok.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mystrtok.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sock_addr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sock_addr.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/split_nameval.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/stringops.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sys_defs.h up to 1.14
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/unix_send_fd.c up to 1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/valid_hostname.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/valid_hostname.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_cyrus_server.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/global/Makefile up to 1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/util/Makefile   up to 1.11
	doc/3RDPARTY					(apply patch)

Update Postfix to 3.8.4.
@
text
@a10 1
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'>
@


1.1.1.6
log
@Import Postfix 3.8.4 (last was 3.7.3)

December 22, 2023: 3.8.4/3.7.9
==============================

Security: this release adds support to defend against an email
spoofing attack (SMTP smuggling) on recipients at a Postfix server.
For background, see https://www.postfix.org/smtp-smuggling.html.

Sites concerned about SMTP smuggling attacks should enable this
feature on Internet-facing Postfix servers. For compatibility with
non-standard clients, Postfix by default excludes clients in
mynetworks from this countermeasure.

The recommended settings are:

# Optionally disconnect remote SMTP clients that send bare newlines,
# but allow local clients with non-standard SMTP implementations
# such as netcat, fax machines, or load balancer health checks.
#
smtpd_forbid_bare_newline = yes
smtpd_forbid_bare_newline_exclusions = $mynetworks
The smtpd_forbid_bare_newline feature is disabled by default.

November 1, 2023: 3.8.3/3.7.8
=============================

Bugfix (defect introduced Postfix 2.5, date 20080104): the Postfix
SMTP server was waiting for a client command instead of replying
immediately, after a client certificate verification error in TLS
wrappermode. Reported by Andreas Kinzler.

Usability: the Postfix SMTP server (finally) attempts to log the
SASL username after authentication failure. In Postfix logging,
this appends ", sasl_username=xxx" after the reason for SASL
authentication failure. The logging replaces an unavailable reason
with "(reason unavailable)", and replaces an unavailable sasl_username
with "(unavailable)". Based on code by Jozsef Kadlecsik.

Compatibility bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 2.11, date 20130405):
in forward_path, the expression ${recipient_delimiter} would expand
to an empty string when a recipient address had no recipient
delimiter. The compatibility fix is to use a configured recipient
delimiter value instead. Reported by Tod A. Sandman.

September 1, 2023: 3.8.2/3.7.7
==============================

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix alpha, 19980207): the valid_hostname()
check in the Postfix DNS client library was blocking unusual but
legitimate wildcard names (*.name) in some DNS lookup results and
lookup requests. Examples:

name          class/type result
*.one.example   IN CNAME *.other.example
*.other.example IN A     10.0.0.1
*.other.example IN TLSA  ..certificate info...
Such syntax is blesed in RFC 1034 section 4.3.3.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.0, 20140218): when an address
verification probe fails during or after an opportunistic TLS
handshake, don't enforce a minimum time-in-queue before falling
back to plaintext. Problem reported by Serg.

June 5, 2023: 3.8.1/3.7.6
=========================

Optional: harden a Postfix SMTP server against remote SMTP clients
that violate RFC 2920 (or 5321) command pipelining constraints.
With "smtpd_forbid_unauth_pipelining = yes", the server disconnects
a client immediately, after responding with "554 5.5.0 Error: SMTP
protocol synchronization" and after logging "improper command
pipelining" with the unexpected remote SMTP client input. This
feature is disabled by default in Postfix 3.5-3.8 to avoid breaking
home-grown utilities, but it is enabled by default in Postfix 3.9.
A similar feature is enabled by default in the Exim SMTP server.

Optional: some OS distributions crank up TLS security to 11, and
in doing so increase the number of plaintext email deliveries. This
introduces basic OpenSSL configuration file support that may be
used to override OS-level settings. Details are in the postconf(5)
manpage under tls_config_file and tls_config_name.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 1.0): the command "postconf ..
name=v1 .. name=v2 .." (multiple instances of the same parameter
name) created multiple main.cf name=value entries with the same
parameter name. It now logs a warning and skips the earlier name(s)
and value(s). Found during code maintenance.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.3): the command "postconf -M
name1/type1='name2 type2 ...'" died with a segmentation violation
when the request matched multiple master.cf entries. The master.cf
file was not damaged. Problem reported by SATOH Fumiyasu.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 2.11): the command "postconf -M
name1/type1='name2 type2 ...'" could add a service definition to
master.cf that conflicted with an already existing service definition.
It now replaces all existing service definitions that match the
service pattern 'name1/type1' or the service name and type in 'name2
type2 ...' with a single service definition 'name2 type2 ...'.
Problem reported by SATOH Fumiyasu.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.8) the posttls-finger command
could access uninitialized memory when reconnecting. This also
fixes a malformed warning message when a destination contains
":service" information. Reported by Thomas Korbar.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.2): the MySQL client could
return "not found" instead of "error" (for example, resulting in
a 5XX SMTP status instead of 4XX) during the time that all MySQL
server connections were turned down after error. Found during code
maintenance. File: global/dict_mysql.c. This was already fixed in
Postfix 3.4-3.7.

April 18, 2023: 3.7.5
=====================

Bugfix (problem introduced in Postfix 3.5): check_ccert_access did
not handle inline map specifications. Report and fix by Sean
Gallagher.

Bugfix (problem introduced in Postfix 3.4): the posttls-finger
command failed to detect that a connection was resumed in the case
that a server did not return a certificate. Fix by Viktor Dukhovni.

Workaround: OpenSSL 3.x EVP_get_cipherbyname() can return lazily-bound
handles. Postfix now checks that the expected functionality will
be available instead of failing later. Fix by Viktor Dukhovni.

Safety: the long form "{ name = value }" in import_environment or
export_environment is not documented (with spaces around the '='),
but it was silently accepted, and it was stored in the process
environment as the invalid form "name = value", thus not setting
or overriding an entry for "name". This form is now stored as the
expected "name=value". Found during code maintenance.

Bugfix (problem introduced in Postfix 3.2): the MySQL client could
return "not found" instead of "error" (for example, resulting in
a 5XX SMTP status instead of 4XX) during the time that all MySQL
server connections were turned down after error. Found during code
maintenance.

April 17, 2023: 3.8.0
=====================

Support to look up DNS SRV records in the Postfix SMTP/LMTP client,
Based on code by Tomas Korbar (Red Hat). For example, with
"use_srv_lookup = submission" and "relayhost = example.com:submission",
the Postfix SMTP client will look up DNS SRV records for
_submission._tcp.example.com, and will relay email through the
hosts and ports that are specified with those records.

TLS obsolescence: Postfix now treats the "export" and "low" cipher
grade settings as "medium". The "export" and "low" grades are no
longer supported in OpenSSL 1.1.1, the minimum version required in
Postfix 3.6.0 and later. Also, Postfix default settings now exclude
deprecated or unused ciphers (SEED, IDEA, 3DES, RC2, RC4, RC5),
digest (MD5), key exchange algorithms (DH, ECDH), and public key
algorithm (DSS).

Attack resistance: the Postfix SMTP server can now aggregate
smtpd_client_*_rate and smtpd_client_*_count statistics by network
block instead of by IP address, to raise the bar against a memory
exhaustion attack in the anvil(8) server; Postfix TLS support
unconditionally disables TLS renegotiation in the middle of an SMTP
connection, to avoid a CPU exhaustion attack.

The PostgreSQL client encoding is now configurable with the "encoding"
Postfix configuration file attribute. The default is "UTF8".
Previously the encoding was hard-coded as "LATIN1", which is not
useful in the context of SMTP.

The postconf command now warns for #comment in or after a Postfix
parameter value. Postfix programs do not support #comment after
other text, and treat that as input.


January 12, 2023: 3.7.4
=======================

Workaround: with OpenSSL 3 and later always turn on
SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF, to avoid warning messages and missed
opportunities for TLS session reuse. This is safe because the SMTP
protocol implements application-level framing, and is therefore
not affected by TLS truncation attacks. Fix by Viktor Dukhovni.

Workaround: OpenSSL 3.x EVP_get_digestbyname() can return lazily-bound
handles for digest implementations. In sufficiently hostile
configurations, Postfix could mistakenly believe that a digest
algorithm is available, and fail when it is not. A similar workaround
may be needed for EVP_get_cipherbyname(). Fix by Viktor Dukhovni.

Bugfix (bug introduced in Postfix 2.11): the checkok() macro in
tls/tls_fprint.c evaluated its argument unconditionally; it should
evaluate the argument only if there was no prior error. Found during
code review.

Bugfix (bug introduced in Postfix 2.8): postscreen died with a
segmentation violation when postscreen_dnsbl_threshold < 1. It
should reject such input with a fatal error instead. Discovered by
Benny Pedersen.

Bitrot: fixes for linker warnings from newer Darwin (MacOS) versions.
Viktor Dukhovni.

Portability: Linux 6 support.

Added missing documentation that cidr:, pcre: and regexp: tables
support inline specification only in Postfix 3.7 and later.
@
text
@a10 1
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='postfix-doc.css'>
@


1.1.1.6.2.1
log
@Sync with HEAD
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
        "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
@


1.1.1.7
log
@Import postfix-3.10.1 (previous was 3.8.4)

Summary:

Postfix 3.9 (July 2022): This release focused on enhancing the TLS
(Transport Layer Security) capabilities of Postfix. It introduced
support for TLSv1.3, allowing for more secure and efficient encrypted
communications. Additionally, improvements were made to the handling
of TLSA records, which are used in DNS-based Authentication of
Named Entities (DANE) to associate TLS certificates with domain
names.

Postfix 3.10 (July 2023): This version brought significant updates
to Postfix's SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) functionalities.
It added support for the SMTPUTF8 extension, enabling the use of
UTF-8 encoding in email addresses and headers, which is essential
for internationalization. The release also included performance
optimizations, particularly in the handling of large mail queues,
and introduced new configuration parameters to provide administrators
with finer control over mail processing.

The changes are described more in detail in:
3.10 changes: RELEASE_NOTES
3.9  changes: RELEASE_NOTES_3.9
3.8  changes: RELEASE_NOTES_3.8
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
        "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
@


1.1.1.7.2.1
log
@Pull up the following, requested by christos in ticket #283:

	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/README_FILES/NON_BERKELEYDB_README up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/README_FILES/REQUIRETLS_README up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/conf/postfix-non-bdb-script up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/html/NON_BERKELEYDB_README.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/html/REQUIRETLS_README.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/html/nbdb_reindexd.8.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/html/postfix-non-bdb.1.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/man/man1/postfix-non-bdb.1 up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/man/man8/nbdb_reindexd.8 up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/mantools/check-proxy-type-table up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/proto/NON_BERKELEYDB_README.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/proto/REQUIRETLS_README.html up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/cleanup/cleanup_message_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/ehlo_mask_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_clnt.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/allowed_prefix.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/allowed_prefix.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/allowed_prefix_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/dict_sqlite_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/haproxy_srvr_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/login_sender_match_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_clnt.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_redirect.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_redirect.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_redirect_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_surrogate.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_surrogate.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_surrogate_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_util.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_util.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/nbdb_util_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/pol_stats.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/pol_stats.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/pol_stats_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postalias/mode_conflict_test.in up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postalias/mode_conflict_test.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test77-main.cf up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test77.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test78.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test79.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test80.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test81.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test82.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test83.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test84.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test85.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test86.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test87.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postconf/test91.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postmap/mode_conflict_test.in up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postmap/mode_conflict_test.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/postmulti/fake_strcmp.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/smtp/smtp_reqtls_policy.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/smtp/smtp_reqtls_policy.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/smtp/smtp_reqtls_policy_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/smtp/smtp_tls_policy_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/smtpd/smtpd_peer_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_union_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/hash_fnv_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/mac_midna.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/normalize_v4mapped_addr.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_debug.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_debug_test.ref up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_debug_test.sh up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_pipe_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/mac_midna.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/normalize_v4mapped_addr.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/normalize_v4mapped_addr_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/ossl_digest.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/ossl_digest.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/ossl_digest_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/wrap_stat.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/wrap_stat.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/Makefile.in up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_index_as.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_index_as.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_index_as_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_process.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_process.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_process_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_reindexd.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_reindexd.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_safe.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_safe.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_safe_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_sniffer.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_sniffer.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/nbdb_reindexd/nbdb_sniffer_test.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/Makefile.in up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/dict_test_helper.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/dict_test_helper.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_dict.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_dict.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_open_as.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_open_as.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_spawn_command.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_spawn_command.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_stat.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/mock_stat.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/msg_capture.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/msg_capture.h up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/testing/nosleep.c up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/TESTING       up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/RELEASE_NOTES-3.10 up to
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/ehlo_mask.in delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/global/ehlo_mask.ref delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_pipe_test.in delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_pipe_test.ref delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_union_test.in delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix//dist/src/util/dict_union_test.ref delete
	external/ibm-public/postfix/Makefile.inc        up to 1.32
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/HISTORY        up to 1.1.1.31
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/INSTALL        up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/Makefile.in    up to 1.1.1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/RELEASE_NOTES  up to 1.1.1.19
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/makedefs       up to 1.18
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/AAAREADME up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/CDB_README up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/COMPATIBILITY_README up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/DATABASE_README up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/DEPRECATION_README up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/INSTALL up to 1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/MULTI_INSTANCE_README up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/MYSQL_README up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/OVERVIEW up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/RELEASE_NOTES up to 1.1.1.19
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/SASL_README up to 1.1.1.13
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/SMTPUTF8_README up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/SOHO_README up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/TLSRPT_README up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/UUCP_README up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/VIRTUAL_README up to 1.1.1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/README_FILES/XCLIENT_README up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/access    up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/aliases   up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/canonical up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/generic   up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/main.cf   up to 1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/postfix-files up to 1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/postfix-script up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/postfix-tls-script up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/relocated up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/transport up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/conf/virtual   up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/CDB_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/COMPATIBILITY_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/DATABASE_README.html up to 1.1.1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/DEPRECATION_README.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/INSTALL.html up to 1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/MULTI_INSTANCE_README.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/MYSQL_README.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/OVERVIEW.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/SASL_README.html up to 1.1.1.13
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/SMTPUTF8_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/SOHO_README.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/TLSRPT_README.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/UUCP_README.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/VIRTUAL_README.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/XCLIENT_README.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/access.5.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/aliases.5.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/bounce.8.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/canonical.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/cidr_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/cleanup.8.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/defer.8.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/discard.8.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/error.8.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/generic.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/index.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/ldap_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/lmdb_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/lmtp.8.html up to 1.1.1.14
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/mailq.1.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/makedefs.1.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/memcache_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/mongodb_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/mysql_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/newaliases.1.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/nisplus_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/oqmgr.8.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/pcre_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/pgsql_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postalias.1.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postconf.1.html up to 1.1.1.13
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postconf.5.html up to 1.22
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postdrop.1.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postfix-manuals.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postfix-tls.1.html up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postfix.1.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postlog.1.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postmap.1.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postmulti.1.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postqueue.1.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/postscreen.8.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/posttls-finger.1.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/proxymap.8.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/qmgr.8.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/regexp_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/relocated.5.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/sendmail.1.html up to 1.1.1.10
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/smtp.8.html up to 1.1.1.14
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/smtpd.8.html up to 1.1.1.15
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/socketmap_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/sqlite_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/tcp_table.5.html up to 1.1.1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/trace.8.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/transport.5.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/virtual.5.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/html/virtual.8.html up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.9
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/makedefs.1 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postalias.1 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postconf.1 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postdrop.1 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postfix-tls.1 up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postfix.1 up to 1.8
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postlog.1 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postmap.1 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postmulti.1 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/postqueue.1 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/posttls-finger.1 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man1/sendmail.1 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/access.5 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/aliases.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/canonical.5 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/cidr_table.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/generic.5 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/ldap_table.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/lmdb_table.5 up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/memcache_table.5 up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/mongodb_table.5 up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/mysql_table.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/nisplus_table.5 up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/pcre_table.5 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/pgsql_table.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/postconf.5 up to 1.21
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/regexp_table.5 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/relocated.5 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/socketmap_table.5 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/sqlite_table.5 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/tcp_table.5 up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/transport.5 up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man5/virtual.5 up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man8/bounce.8 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man8/cleanup.8 up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man8/discard.8 up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/man/man8/error.8 up to 1.4
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	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_debug.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_env.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_fail.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_inline.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_lmdb.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_ni.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_nis.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_nisplus.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_open.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_pcre.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_pipe.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_random.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_regexp.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_sdbm.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_seq.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_sockmap.c up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_static.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_surrogate.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_tcp.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_test.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_thash.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_union.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_unix.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/dict_utf8_test.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/hash_fnv.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/hex_code.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/hex_code.h up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/htable.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/inet_addr_list.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/inet_prefix_top.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/inet_proto.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.h up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.in up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mac_expand.ref up to 1.1.1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/match_list.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/midna_domain.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/mkmap_open.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/msg_vstream.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.ref up to 1.1.1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo.ref2 up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo4.ref up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myaddrinfo4.ref2 up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/myflock.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/name_mask.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/name_mask.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/name_mask.ref5 up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/name_mask.ref6 up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/netstring.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/normalize_ws.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/open_as.c up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/open_as.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/quote_for_json.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sane_sockaddr_to_hostaddr.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/spawn_command.c up to 1.4
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/spawn_command.h up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/stringops.h up to 1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/sys_defs.h up to 1.16
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/unescape.ref up to 1.1.1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vbuf_print.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vbuf_print_test.in up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vbuf_print_test.ref up to 1.1.1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstream.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstream.h up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/util/vstring_vstream.c up to 1.3
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/verify/verify.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.7
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/virtual.c up to 1.5
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/virtual/virtual.h up to 1.2
	external/ibm-public/postfix/dist/src/xsasl/xsasl_dovecot_server.c up to 1.6
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/global/Makefile up to 1.12
	external/ibm-public/postfix/lib/util/Makefile   up to 1.13
	external/ibm-public/postfix/libexec/smtp/Makefile up to 1.5
	doc/3RDPARTY						(manually edited)

Import Postfix 3.11.2.
@
text
@d57 3
a59 1
<li> <a href="#mailing_lists">Hosted mailing list domains</a>
d99 1
a99 1
such as <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. These are easy to debug with the
d103 1
a103 10
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com /etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
</blockquote>

<p> The above example assumes that the database is configured in
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> as $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual. Otherwise,
use the command instead: </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com
<i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
d106 6
a111 9
<p> and specify the explicit type that this table uses in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>. </p>

<p> You can replace local file lookups with networked (LDAP, SQL
etc.) lookups. See the documentation in <a href="LDAP_README.html">LDAP_README</a>, <a href="MYSQL_README.html">MYSQL_README</a>,
<a href="PGSQL_README.html">PGSQL_README</a>, etc., for examples.  The reader is strongly advised
to make Postfix work with local files before migrating to network
databases, and to use the <b>postmap</b> command to verify that
network database lookups produce the exact same results as local
file lookup. </p>
d169 1
a169 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a211 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d213 1
a213 9
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postfix
d262 1
a262 1
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
d266 1
a266 1
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a340 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d342 3
a344 15
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type. </p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" after changing
the vmailbox file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file. Execute
"<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" to specify an
explicit type. </p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d386 2
a387 2
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a475 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d477 3
a479 15
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type. </p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" after
changing the vmailbox file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" to
specify an explicit type.</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d492 1
a492 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a535 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d537 2
a538 10
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d544 1
a544 1
<h2><a name="mailing_lists">Hosted mailing list domains</a></h2>
d546 1
a546 8
<p> <i> Note: this section presents a historical approach to run a
mailing list based on local <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>. This approach may still be
useful for small mailing lists that are managed by hand or with the
software like Majordomo. For a more contemporary and more scalable
approach, see <a href="https://lists.org"> GNU Mailman</a>. </i>
</p>

<p>The examples that were given above already show how to direct
d559 1
a559 2
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com
a564 1
    postmaster@@example.com       postmaster
a572 11
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

d590 2
a591 3
<li> In the case of a virtual alias DOMAIN, there would need to be
an identity mapping from each mailing list address to an address in a
different domain.
d593 2
a594 2
<li> In the case of a virtual mailbox DOMAIN, there would need to
be a dummy <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> for each mailing list address.
d598 49
@


1.1.1.8
log
@Import postfix 3.11.2 (previous was 3.10.1)

Changes in 3.11.2

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.11): the proxymap(8) daemon
dereferenced an uninitialized pointer after a request protocol
error. This daemon is not exposed to local or remote users. Found
by Claude Opus 4.6.

Bugfix (defect introduced: 20260309) a change, to set the service_name
default value to "amnesiac", violated a test that parameter names
in postconf output must match 1:1 with parameter names in the
postlink script.

Changes in 3.11.1

Bugfix (defect introduced: 20260219): alias_maps errors when
default_database_type was not set in main.cf. Fix by Michael Tokarev.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.0): buffer over-read when
Postfix is configured with an enhanced status code not followed by
other text. For example, "5.7.2" without text after the three-number
code, in an access(5) table, header or body checks, or with "$rbl_code
$rbl_text" in rbl_reply_maps or default_rbl_reply. These are all
uncommon configurations. Problem reported by Kamil Frankowicz.

Bugfix (defect introduced: Postfix 3.3): null pointer in nbdb_reindexd(8)
because the "service_name" value was not propagated. Report by
Michael Tokarev.

During Postfix start-up, avoid a spurious error message from
nbdb_reindexd(8), when non_bdb_migration_level disables automatic
re-indexing.

Changes in 3.11.0

Postfix stable release 3.11.0 is available. Postfix 3.7 - 3.10 were
updated a few weeks ago; after that, Postfix 3.7 will no longer be
updated.

The main changes are below. See the RELEASE_NOTES file for further details.

Berkeley DB migration:

Some (Linux) distributions are removing support for BerkeleyDB
databases (In Postfix, this means we lose support for the hash:
and btree: lookup tables). See NON_BERKELEYDB_README for manual
and partially automatic migration from btree: to lmdb:, and from
hash: to lmdb: or cdb:.

The loss of BerkeleyDB affects Mailman versions that want to execute
commands like "postmap hash:/path/to/file" when a mailing list is
added or removed. Postfix provides a way to redirect such commands
to a supported database type.

You don't have to wait until BerkeleyDB support is removed. It can
make sense to migrate while BerkeleyDB support is still available
(mainly, less downtime).

Changes in TLS support:

Default TLS security. The Postfix SMTP client smtp_tls_security_level
default value is "may" if Postfix was built with TLS support, and
the compatibility_level is 3.11 or higher.

Support for the RFC 8689 "REQUIRETLS" verb in ESMTP. This requires
that every SMTP (and LMTP) server in the forward path is strongly
authenticated with DANE, STS, or equivalent, and that every server
announces REQUIRETLS support.

See REQUIRETLS_README for suggestions to carefully enforce REQUIRETLS
without causing massive mail delivery problems.

Logging the TLS security level. This shows the desired and actual
TLS security level enforcement status and, if a message requests
REQUIRETLS, the REQUIRETLS policy enforcement status. For a list
of examples see smtp_log_tls_feature_status

Workaround for an interface mismatch between the Postfix SMTP client
and MTA-STS policy plugins. This introduces a new parameter
smtp_tls_enforce_sts_mx_patterns (default: "yes"). The MTA-STS
plugin configuration needs to enable TLSRPT support, so that it
forwards STS policy attributes to Postfix. Both postfix-tlspol and
postfix-mta-sts-resolver have been updated accordingly.

With this, the Postfix SMTP client will connect to an MX host only
if its name matches any STS policy MX host pattern, and will match
a server certificate against the MX hostname. Otherwise, the old
behavior stays in effect: connect to any MX host listed in DNS,
and match a server certificate against any STS policy MX host
pattern.

Post-quantum cryptography support. With OpenSSL 3.5 and later,
change the tls_eecdh_auto_curves default value to avoid problems
with network infrastructure that mishandles TLS hello messages
larger than one (Ethernet) TCP segment. This problem is more
generally known as "protocol ossification".

Miscellaneous changes:

Deprecation of obsolete parameters. Postfix programs log a warning
that these parameters will be removed. See DEPRECATION_README for
a list of deprecated parameters.

JSON output support with "postconf -j|-jM|-jF|-jP", "postalias
-jq|-js", "postmap -jq|-js", and "postmulti -jl". No support is
planned for JSON input support.

Milter support: improved Milter error handling for messages that
arrive over a long-lived SMTP connection, by changing the default
milter_default_action from "tempfail" to the new "shutdown" action
(i.e. disconnect the remote SMTP client). This was already back-ported
to earlier stable releases.

For more changes in the 3.10 branch see:
https://www.postfix.org/announcements.html
@
text
@d57 3
a59 1
<li> <a href="#mailing_lists">Hosted mailing list domains</a>
d99 1
a99 1
such as <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. These are easy to debug with the
d103 1
a103 10
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com /etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
</blockquote>

<p> The above example assumes that the database is configured in
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> as $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual. Otherwise,
use the command instead: </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com
<i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
d106 6
a111 9
<p> and specify the explicit type that this table uses in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>. </p>

<p> You can replace local file lookups with networked (LDAP, SQL
etc.) lookups. See the documentation in <a href="LDAP_README.html">LDAP_README</a>, <a href="MYSQL_README.html">MYSQL_README</a>,
<a href="PGSQL_README.html">PGSQL_README</a>, etc., for examples.  The reader is strongly advised
to make Postfix work with local files before migrating to network
databases, and to use the <b>postmap</b> command to verify that
network database lookups produce the exact same results as local
file lookup. </p>
d169 1
a169 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a211 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d213 1
a213 9
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postfix
d262 1
a262 1
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
d266 1
a266 1
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a340 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d342 3
a344 15
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type. </p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" after changing
the vmailbox file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file. Execute
"<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" to specify an
explicit type. </p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d386 2
a387 2
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a475 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d477 3
a479 15
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type. </p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" after
changing the vmailbox file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>" to
specify an explicit type.</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d492 1
a492 1
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
a535 2
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

d537 2
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changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postfix reload</b>" after changing the
<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>
d544 1
a544 1
<h2><a name="mailing_lists">Hosted mailing list domains</a></h2>
d546 1
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<p> <i> Note: this section presents a historical approach to run a
mailing list based on local <a href="aliases.5.html">aliases(5)</a>. This approach may still be
useful for small mailing lists that are managed by hand or with the
software like Majordomo. For a more contemporary and more scalable
approach, see <a href="https://lists.org"> GNU Mailman</a>. </i>
</p>

<p>The examples that were given above already show how to direct
d559 1
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    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com
a564 1
    postmaster@@example.com       postmaster
a572 11
<p> Instead of <a href="lmdb_table.5.html">lmdb</a>:, some systems use <a href="CDB_README.html">cdb</a>:, <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:, or <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">dbm</a>:. </p>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, to (re)build a default-type indexed file.
Execute "<b>postmap <i>type</i>:/etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to specify
an explicit type.</p>

<p> The default indexed file type is configured with the
<a href="postconf.5.html#default_database_type">default_database_type</a> parameter. To list available explicit types,
execute the command "<b>postconf -m</b>".</p>

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<li> In the case of a virtual alias DOMAIN, there would need to be
an identity mapping from each mailing list address to an address in a
different domain.
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<li> In the case of a virtual mailbox DOMAIN, there would need to
be a dummy <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> for each mailing list address.
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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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<html>

<head>

<title>Postfix Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">

</head>

<body>

<h1><img src="postfix-logo.jpg" width="203" height="98" ALT="">Postfix
Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</h1>

<hr>

<h2>Purpose of this document</h2>

<p> This document requires Postfix version 2.0 or later. </p>

<p> This document gives an overview of how Postfix can be used for
hosting multiple Internet domains, both for final delivery on the
machine itself and for the purpose of forwarding to destinations
elsewhere. </p>

<p> The text not only describes delivery mechanisms that are built
into Postfix, but also gives pointers for using non-Postfix mail
delivery software. </p>

<p> The following topics are covered: </p>

<ul>

<li> <a href="#canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus other domains</a>

<li> <a href="#local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a>

<li> <a href="#local">As simple as can be: shared domains,
UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a>

<li> <a href="#mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a>

<li> <a href="#autoreplies">Autoreplies</a>

</ul>

<h2><a name="canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus 
other domains</a></h2>

<p>Most Postfix systems are <b>final destination</b> for only a
few domain names.  These include the hostnames and [the IP addresses]
of the machine that Postfix runs on, and sometimes also include
the parent domain of the hostname.  The remainder of this document
will refer to these domains as the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>. They are
usually implemented with the Postfix <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#local_domain_class">local domain</a> address class,
as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file.</p>

<p> Besides the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>, Postfix can be configured to be
<b>final destination</b> for any number of additional domains.
These domains are called hosted, because they are not directly
associated with the name of the machine itself. Hosted domains are
usually implemented with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> address class
and/or with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> address class, as defined
in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> But wait! There is more. Postfix can be configured as a backup
MX host for other domains. In this case Postfix is <b>not the final
destination</b> for those domains. It merely queues the mail when
the primary MX host is down, and forwards the mail when the primary
MX host becomes available. This function is implemented with the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#relay_domain_class">relay domain</a> address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a>
file.  </p>

<p> Finally, Postfix can be configured as a transit host for sending
mail across the internet. Obviously, Postfix is not final destination
for such mail. This function is available only for authorized
clients and/or users, and is implemented by the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#default_domain_class">default domain</a>
address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>
 
<h2><a name="local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a></h2>

<p> The examples in this text use table lookups from local files
such as DBM or Berkeley DB.  These are easy to debug with the
<b>postmap</b> command: </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com hash:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
</blockquote>

<p> See the documentation in <a href="LDAP_README.html">LDAP_README</a>, <a href="MYSQL_README.html">MYSQL_README</a> and <a href="PGSQL_README.html">PGSQL_README</a>
for how to replace local files by databases. The reader is strongly
advised to make the system work with local files before migrating
to network databases, and to use the <b>postmap</b> command to verify
that network database lookups produce the exact same results as
local file lookup. </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual.cf</tt>
</blockquote>

<h2><a name="local">As simple as can be: shared domains, UNIX system
accounts</a></h2>

<p> The simplest method to host an additional domain is to add the
domain name to the domains listed in the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
configuration parameter, and to add the user names to the UNIX
password file. </p>

<p> This approach makes no distinction between canonical and hosted
domains. Each username can receive mail in every domain. </p>

<p> In the examples we will use "example.com" as the domain that is
being hosted on the local Postfix machine. </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> = $<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a> localhost.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a> ... example.com
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> The limitations of this approach are: </p>

<ul>

<li>A total lack of separation: mail for info@@my.host.name is
delivered to the same UNIX system account as mail for info@@example.com.

<li> With users in the UNIX password file, administration of large
numbers of users becomes inconvenient.

</ul>

<p> The examples that follow provide solutions for both limitations.
</p>

<h2><a name="virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a></h2>

<p> With the approach described in this section, every <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a>
can have its own info etc. email address.  However, it still uses
UNIX system accounts for local mailbox deliveries. </p>

<p> With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domains</a>, each hosted address is aliased to
a local UNIX system account or to a remote address.  The example
below shows how to use this mechanism for the example.com domain.
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     info@@example.com       joe
 8     sales@@example.com      jane
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-8: the /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the virtual
aliases. With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for info@@example.com goes
to the UNIX account joe, and mail for sales@@example.com goes to
the UNIX account jane.  Mail for all other addresses in example.com
is rejected with the error message "User unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: the commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: virtual aliases can resolve to a local address or to a
remote address, or both.  They don't have to resolve to UNIX system
accounts on your machine. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<p> Virtual aliasing solves one problem: it allows each domain to
have its own info mail address. But there still is one drawback:
each virtual address is aliased to a UNIX system account. As you
add more virtual addresses you also add more UNIX system accounts.
The next section eliminates this problem. </p>

<h2><a name="virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> As a system hosts more and more domains and users, it becomes less
desirable to give every user their own UNIX system account.</p>

<p> With the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent, every
recipient address can have its own virtual mailbox. Unlike virtual
alias domains, <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a> do not need the clumsy
translation from each recipient addresses into a different address,
and owners of a virtual mailbox address do not need to have a UNIX
system account.</p>

<p> The Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent looks up the user
mailbox pathname, uid and gid via separate tables that are searched
with the recipient's mail address. Maildir style delivery is turned
on by terminating the mailbox pathname with "/".</p>

<p> If you find the idea of multiple tables bothersome, remember
that you can migrate the information (once it works), to an SQL
database.  If you take that route, be sure to review the <a
href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document.</p>

<p> Here is an example of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> "example.com":
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> = /var/mail/vhosts
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> = 100
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = static:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = static:5000
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 9 
10 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
11     info@@example.com    example.com/info
12     sales@@example.com   example.com/sales/
13     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
14     # @@example.com      example.com/catchall
15     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
16 
17 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
18     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> parameter specifies a
prefix for all virtual mailbox pathnames. This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being
delivered all over the file system. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 10-15: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with mailbox (or maildir) pathnames, indexed by
the virtual mail address.  In this example, mail for info@@example.com
goes to the mailbox at /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/info while mail
for sales@@example.com goes to the maildir located at
/var/mail/vhosts/example.com/sales/. </p>

<li> <p> Line 5: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> specifies a lower bound
on the mailbox or maildir owner's UID.  This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being written
to sensitive files. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 6, 7: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>
parameters specify that all the virtual mailboxes are owned by a
fixed uid and gid 5000.  If this is not what you want, specify
lookup tables that are searched by the recipient's mail address.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 14: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual mailbox address. Be prepared
to receive a lot of spam, as well as bounced spam that was sent in
the name of anything@@example.com. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 8, 17, 18: As you see, it is possible to mix virtual
aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to redirect
mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local postmaster.
You can use the same mechanism to redirect an address to a remote
address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 18: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: mail delivery happens with the recipient's UID/GID
privileges specified with <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>.
Postfix 2.0 and earlier will not create mailDIRs in world-writable
parent directories; you must create them in advance before you can
use them. Postfix may be able to create mailBOX files by itself,
depending on parent directory write permissions, but it is safer
to create mailBOX files ahead of time. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual mailbox delivery agent are given
in the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<h2><a name="in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> This is a variation on the Postfix <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_mailbox">virtual mailbox example</a>.
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox.  </p>

<p> While non-Postfix software is being used for final delivery,
some Postfix concepts are still needed in order to glue everything
together.  For additional background on this glue you may want to
take a look at the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> class as defined in the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> The text in this section describes what things should look like
from Postfix's point of view. See <a href="CYRUS_README.html">CYRUS_README</a> or <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a>
for specific information about Cyrus or about Courier maildrop.
</p>

<p> Here is an example for a <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a> example.com that delivers
to a non-Postfix delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = ...see below...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 6 
 7 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
 8     info@@example.com    whatever
 9     sales@@example.com   whatever
10     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
11     # Configure the mailbox store to accept all addresses.
12     # @@example.com      whatever
13     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
14 
15 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
16     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: With delivery to a non-Postfix mailbox store for
<a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>, the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> parameter usually specifies
the Postfix LMTP client, or the name of a <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> entry that
executes non-Postfix software via the pipe delivery agent.  Typical
examples (use only one): </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:unix:/path/name (uses UNIX-domain socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:hostname:port   (uses TCP socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = maildrop:            (uses <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> to command)
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Postfix comes ready with support for LMTP.  And an example
maildrop delivery method is already defined in the default Postfix
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. See the <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a> document for more details.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is delivered via the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> that was
discussed in the previous paragraph. If you omit this
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting then Postfix will either reject
mail (relay access denied) or will not be able to deliver it (mail
for example.com loops back to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain!  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain!  </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 7-13: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with all valid recipient addresses. The lookup
result value is ignored by Postfix.  In the above example,
info@@example.com
and sales@@example.com are listed as valid addresses; other mail for
example.com is rejected with "User unknown" by the Postfix SMTP
server. It's left up to the non-Postfix delivery agent to reject
non-existent recipients from local submission or from local alias
expansion.  If you intend to
use LDAP, MySQL or PgSQL instead of local files, be sure to review
the <a href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document! </p>

<li> <p> Line 12: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would inform Postfix of the existence of a catch-all address.
Again, the lookup result is ignored by Postfix. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<p> Note: if you specify a wildcard in <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>, then
you still need to configure the non-Postfix mailbox store to receive
mail for any address in that domain. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 5, 15, 16: As you see above, it is possible to mix
virtual aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to
redirect mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local
postmaster. You can use the same mechanism to redirect any addresses
to a local or remote address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 16: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<h2><a name="forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a></h2>

<p> Some providers host domains that have no (or only a few) local
mailboxes. The main purpose of these domains is to forward mail
elsewhere.  The following example shows how to set up example.com
as a mail forwarding domain: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     joe@@example.com        joe@@somewhere
 8     jane@@example.com       jane@@somewhere-else
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim@@yet-another-site
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-11: The /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the
virtual aliases.  With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for joe@@example.com goes
to the remote address joe@@somewhere, and mail for jane@@example.com
goes to the remote address jane@@somewhere-else.  Mail for all other
addresses in example.com is rejected with the error message "User
unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<h2><a name="mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a></h2>

<p> The examples that were given above already show how to direct
mail for virtual postmaster addresses to a local postmaster. You
can use the same method to direct mail for any address to a local
or remote address. </p>

<p> There is one major limitation:  virtual aliases and virtual
mailboxes can't directly deliver to mailing list managers such as
majordomo.  The solution is to set up virtual aliases that direct
virtual addresses to the local delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    listname-request@@example.com listname-request
    listname@@example.com         listname
    owner-listname@@example.com   owner-listname

/etc/aliases:
    listname: "|/some/where/majordomo/wrapper ..."
    owner-listname: ...
    listname-request: ...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a> is listed under
the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is not the case,
specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand side of the
virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to the wrong
domain. </p>

<p> More information about the Postfix local delivery agent can be
found in the <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<p> Why does this example use a clumsy virtual alias instead of a
more elegant transport mapping? The reason is that mail for the
virtual mailing list would be rejected with "User unknown".  In
order to make the transport mapping work one would still need a
bunch of virtual alias or virtual mailbox table entries. </p>

<ul>

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, there would need to be one
identity mapping from each mailing list address to itself.

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>, there would need to be
a dummy mailbox for each mailing list address.

</ul>

<h2><a name="autoreplies">Autoreplies</a></h2>

<p> In order to set up an autoreply for virtual recipients while
still delivering mail as normal, set up a rule in a virtual alias
table: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    user@@domain.tld user@@domain.tld, user@@domain.tld@@autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This delivers mail to the recipient, and sends a copy of the
mail to the address that produces automatic replies. The address
can be serviced on a different machine, or it can be serviced
locally by setting up a transport map entry that pipes all mail
for autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld into some script that sends an automatic
reply back to the sender. </p>

<p> DO NOT list autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld in <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>! </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/transport

/etc/postfix/transport:
    autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld  autoreply:

/etc/postfix/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>:
    # =============================================================
    # service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command
    #               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
    # =============================================================
    autoreply unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
        flags= user=nobody argv=/path/to/autoreply $sender $mailbox
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This invokes /path/to/autoreply with the sender address and
the user@@domain.tld recipient address on the command line. </p>

<p> For more information, see the <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> manual page, and the
comments in the Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. </p>

</body>

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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Postfix Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</title>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">

</head>

<body>

<h1><img src="postfix-logo.jpg" width="203" height="98" ALT="">Postfix
Virtual Domain Hosting Howto</h1>

<hr>

<h2>Purpose of this document</h2>

<p> This document requires Postfix version 2.0 or later. </p>

<p> This document gives an overview of how Postfix can be used for
hosting multiple Internet domains, both for final delivery on the
machine itself and for the purpose of forwarding to destinations
elsewhere. </p>

<p> The text not only describes delivery mechanisms that are built
into Postfix, but also gives pointers for using non-Postfix mail
delivery software. </p>

<p> The following topics are covered: </p>

<ul>

<li> <a href="#canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus other domains</a>

<li> <a href="#local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a>

<li> <a href="#local">As simple as can be: shared domains,
UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a>

<li> <a href="#forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a>

<li> <a href="#mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a>

<li> <a href="#autoreplies">Autoreplies</a>

</ul>

<h2><a name="canonical">Canonical versus hosted versus 
other domains</a></h2>

<p>Most Postfix systems are <b>final destination</b> for only a
few domain names.  These include the hostnames and [the IP addresses]
of the machine that Postfix runs on, and sometimes also include
the parent domain of the hostname.  The remainder of this document
will refer to these domains as the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>. They are
usually implemented with the Postfix <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#local_domain_class">local domain</a> address class,
as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file.</p>

<p> Besides the <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">canonical domains</a>, Postfix can be configured to be
<b>final destination</b> for any number of additional domains.
These domains are called hosted, because they are not directly
associated with the name of the machine itself. Hosted domains are
usually implemented with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> address class
and/or with the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> address class, as defined
in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> But wait! There is more. Postfix can be configured as a backup
MX host for other domains. In this case Postfix is <b>not the final
destination</b> for those domains. It merely queues the mail when
the primary MX host is down, and forwards the mail when the primary
MX host becomes available. This function is implemented with the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#relay_domain_class">relay domain</a> address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a>
file.  </p>

<p> Finally, Postfix can be configured as a transit host for sending
mail across the internet. Obviously, Postfix is not final destination
for such mail. This function is available only for authorized
clients and/or users, and is implemented by the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#default_domain_class">default domain</a>
address class, as defined in the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>
 
<h2><a name="local_vs_database">Local files versus network databases</a></h2>

<p> The examples in this text use table lookups from local files
such as DBM or Berkeley DB.  These are easy to debug with the
<b>postmap</b> command: </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com hash:/etc/postfix/virtual</tt>
</blockquote>

<p> See the documentation in <a href="LDAP_README.html">LDAP_README</a>, <a href="MYSQL_README.html">MYSQL_README</a> and <a href="PGSQL_README.html">PGSQL_README</a>
for how to replace local files by databases. The reader is strongly
advised to make the system work with local files before migrating
to network databases, and to use the <b>postmap</b> command to verify
that network database lookups produce the exact same results as
local file lookup. </p>

<blockquote>
Example: <tt>postmap -q info@@example.com <a href="ldap_table.5.html">ldap</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual.cf</tt>
</blockquote>

<h2><a name="local">As simple as can be: shared domains, UNIX system
accounts</a></h2>

<p> The simplest method to host an additional domain is to add the
domain name to the domains listed in the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
configuration parameter, and to add the user names to the UNIX
password file. </p>

<p> This approach makes no distinction between canonical and hosted
domains. Each username can receive mail in every domain. </p>

<p> In the examples we will use "example.com" as the domain that is
being hosted on the local Postfix machine. </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> = $<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a> localhost.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a> ... example.com
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> The limitations of this approach are: </p>

<ul>

<li>A total lack of separation: mail for info@@my.host.name is
delivered to the same UNIX system account as mail for info@@example.com.

<li> With users in the UNIX password file, administration of large
numbers of users becomes inconvenient.

</ul>

<p> The examples that follow provide solutions for both limitations.
</p>

<h2><a name="virtual_alias">Postfix virtual ALIAS example:
separate domains, UNIX system accounts</a></h2>

<p> With the approach described in this section, every <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a>
can have its own info etc. email address.  However, it still uses
UNIX system accounts for local mailbox deliveries. </p>

<p> With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domains</a>, each hosted address is aliased to
a local UNIX system account or to a remote address.  The example
below shows how to use this mechanism for the example.com domain.
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     info@@example.com       joe
 8     sales@@example.com      jane
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-8: the /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the virtual
aliases. With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for info@@example.com goes
to the UNIX account joe, and mail for sales@@example.com goes to
the UNIX account jane.  Mail for all other addresses in example.com
is rejected with the error message "User unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: the commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p>Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: virtual aliases can resolve to a local address or to a
remote address, or both.  They don't have to resolve to UNIX system
accounts on your machine. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<p> Virtual aliasing solves one problem: it allows each domain to
have its own info mail address. But there still is one drawback:
each virtual address is aliased to a UNIX system account. As you
add more virtual addresses you also add more UNIX system accounts.
The next section eliminates this problem. </p>

<h2><a name="virtual_mailbox">Postfix virtual MAILBOX example:
separate domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> As a system hosts more and more domains and users, it becomes less
desirable to give every user their own UNIX system account.</p>

<p> With the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent, every
recipient address can have its own virtual mailbox. Unlike virtual
alias domains, <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a> do not need the clumsy
translation from each recipient addresses into a different address,
and owners of a virtual mailbox address do not need to have a UNIX
system account.</p>

<p> The Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> mailbox delivery agent looks up the user
mailbox pathname, uid and gid via separate tables that are searched
with the recipient's mail address. Maildir style delivery is turned
on by terminating the mailbox pathname with "/".</p>

<p> If you find the idea of multiple tables bothersome, remember
that you can migrate the information (once it works), to an SQL
database.  If you take that route, be sure to review the <a
href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document.</p>

<p> Here is an example of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> "example.com":
</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> = /var/mail/vhosts
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> = 100
 6     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> = static:5000
 7     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a> = static:5000
 8     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 9 
10 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
11     info@@example.com    example.com/info
12     sales@@example.com   example.com/sales/
13     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
14     # @@example.com      example.com/catchall
15     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
16 
17 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
18     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself).  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_base">virtual_mailbox_base</a> parameter specifies a
prefix for all virtual mailbox pathnames. This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being
delivered all over the file system. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 10-15: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with mailbox (or maildir) pathnames, indexed by
the virtual mail address.  In this example, mail for info@@example.com
goes to the mailbox at /var/mail/vhosts/example.com/info while mail
for sales@@example.com goes to the maildir located at
/var/mail/vhosts/example.com/sales/. </p>

<li> <p> Line 5: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_minimum_uid">virtual_minimum_uid</a> specifies a lower bound
on the mailbox or maildir owner's UID.  This is a safety mechanism
in case someone makes a mistake. It prevents mail from being written
to sensitive files. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 6, 7: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>
parameters specify that all the virtual mailboxes are owned by a
fixed uid and gid 5000.  If this is not what you want, specify
lookup tables that are searched by the recipient's mail address.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 14: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual mailbox address. Be prepared
to receive a lot of spam, as well as bounced spam that was sent in
the name of anything@@example.com. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 8, 17, 18: As you see, it is possible to mix virtual
aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to redirect
mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local postmaster.
You can use the same mechanism to redirect an address to a remote
address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 18: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> Note: mail delivery happens with the recipient's UID/GID
privileges specified with <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_uid_maps">virtual_uid_maps</a> and <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_gid_maps">virtual_gid_maps</a>.
Postfix 2.0 and earlier will not create mailDIRs in world-writable
parent directories; you must create them in advance before you can
use them. Postfix may be able to create mailBOX files by itself,
depending on parent directory write permissions, but it is safer
to create mailBOX files ahead of time. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual mailbox delivery agent are given
in the <a href="virtual.8.html">virtual(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<h2><a name="in_virtual_other">Non-Postfix mailbox store: separate
domains, non-UNIX accounts</a></h2>

<p> This is a variation on the Postfix <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_mailbox">virtual mailbox example</a>.
Again, every hosted address can have its own mailbox.  </p>

<p> While non-Postfix software is being used for final delivery,
some Postfix concepts are still needed in order to glue everything
together.  For additional background on this glue you may want to
take a look at the <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a> class as defined in the
<a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html">ADDRESS_CLASS_README</a> file. </p>

<p> The text in this section describes what things should look like
from Postfix's point of view. See <a href="CYRUS_README.html">CYRUS_README</a> or <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a>
for specific information about Cyrus or about Courier maildrop.
</p>

<p> Here is an example for a <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domain</a> example.com that delivers
to a non-Postfix delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = ...see below...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> = example.com ...more domains...
 4     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/vmailbox
 5     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 6 
 7 /etc/postfix/vmailbox:
 8     info@@example.com    whatever
 9     sales@@example.com   whatever
10     # Comment out the entry below to implement a catch-all.
11     # Configure the mailbox store to accept all addresses.
12     # @@example.com      whatever
13     ...virtual mailboxes for more domains...
14 
15 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
16     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: With delivery to a non-Postfix mailbox store for
<a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>, the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> parameter usually specifies
the Postfix LMTP client, or the name of a <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> entry that
executes non-Postfix software via the pipe delivery agent.  Typical
examples (use only one): </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:unix:/path/name (uses UNIX-domain socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = <a href="lmtp.8.html">lmtp</a>:hostname:port   (uses TCP socket)
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> = maildrop:            (uses <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> to command)
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Postfix comes ready with support for LMTP.  And an example
maildrop delivery method is already defined in the default Postfix
<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. See the <a href="MAILDROP_README.html">MAILDROP_README</a> document for more details.
</p>

<li> <p> Line 3: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is delivered via the <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_transport">virtual_transport</a> that was
discussed in the previous paragraph. If you omit this
<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_domains">virtual_mailbox_domains</a> setting then Postfix will either reject
mail (relay access denied) or will not be able to deliver it (mail
for example.com loops back to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain!  </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual MAILBOX domain</a> name as a virtual ALIAS
domain!  </p>

<li> <p> Lines 4, 7-13: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a> parameter specifies
the lookup table with all valid recipient addresses. The lookup
result value is ignored by Postfix.  In the above example,
info@@example.com
and sales@@example.com are listed as valid addresses; other mail for
example.com is rejected with "User unknown" by the Postfix SMTP
server. It's left up to the non-Postfix delivery agent to reject
non-existent recipients from local submission or from local alias
expansion.  If you intend to
use LDAP, MySQL or PgSQL instead of local files, be sure to review
the <a href="#local_vs_database"> "local files versus databases"</a>
section at the top of this document! </p>

<li> <p> Line 12: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would inform Postfix of the existence of a catch-all address.
Again, the lookup result is ignored by Postfix. </p>

<p> NEVER put a virtual MAILBOX wild-card in the virtual ALIAS
file!! </p>

<p> Note: if you specify a wildcard in <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_mailbox_maps">virtual_mailbox_maps</a>, then
you still need to configure the non-Postfix mailbox store to receive
mail for any address in that domain. </p>

<li> <p> Lines 5, 15, 16: As you see above, it is possible to mix
virtual aliases with virtual mailboxes. We use this feature to
redirect mail for example.com's postmaster address to the local
postmaster. You can use the same mechanism to redirect any addresses
to a local or remote address.  </p>

<li> <p> Line 16: This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a>
is listed under the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is
not the case, specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand
side of the virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to
the wrong domain. </p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, execute "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/vmailbox</b>"
after changing the vmailbox file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<h2><a name="forwarding">Mail forwarding domains</a></h2>

<p> Some providers host domains that have no (or only a few) local
mailboxes. The main purpose of these domains is to forward mail
elsewhere.  The following example shows how to set up example.com
as a mail forwarding domain: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
 1 /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
 2     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> = example.com ...other <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html#canonical">hosted domains</a>...
 3     <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
 4 
 5 /etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
 6     postmaster@@example.com postmaster
 7     joe@@example.com        joe@@somewhere
 8     jane@@example.com       jane@@somewhere-else
 9     # Uncomment entry below to implement a catch-all address
10     # @@example.com         jim@@yet-another-site
11     ...virtual aliases for more domains...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> Notes: </p>

<ul>

<li> <p> Line 2: The <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> setting tells Postfix
that example.com is a so-called <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>. If you omit
this setting then Postfix will reject mail (relay access denied)
or will not be able to deliver it (mail for example.com loops back
to myself). </p>

<p> NEVER list a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> name as a <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>
domain! </p>

<li> <p> Lines 3-11: The /etc/postfix/virtual file contains the
virtual aliases.  With the example above, mail for postmaster@@example.com
goes to the local postmaster, while mail for joe@@example.com goes
to the remote address joe@@somewhere, and mail for jane@@example.com
goes to the remote address jane@@somewhere-else.  Mail for all other
addresses in example.com is rejected with the error message "User
unknown". </p>

<li> <p> Line 10: The commented out entry (text after #) shows how
one would implement a catch-all virtual alias that receives mail
for every example.com address not listed in the virtual alias file.
This is not without risk.  Spammers nowadays try to send mail from
(or mail to) every possible name that they can think of. A catch-all
mailbox is likely to receive many spam messages, and many bounces
for spam messages that were sent in the name of anything@@example.com.
</p>

</ul>

<p> Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" after
changing the virtual file, and execute the command "<b>postfix
reload</b>" after changing the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> file. </p>

<p> More details about the virtual alias file are given in the
<a href="virtual.5.html">virtual(5)</a> manual page, including multiple addresses on the right-hand
side. </p>

<h2><a name="mailing_lists">Mailing lists</a></h2>

<p> The examples that were given above already show how to direct
mail for virtual postmaster addresses to a local postmaster. You
can use the same method to direct mail for any address to a local
or remote address. </p>

<p> There is one major limitation:  virtual aliases and virtual
mailboxes can't directly deliver to mailing list managers such as
majordomo.  The solution is to set up virtual aliases that direct
virtual addresses to the local delivery agent: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    listname-request@@example.com listname-request
    listname@@example.com         listname
    owner-listname@@example.com   owner-listname

/etc/aliases:
    listname: "|/some/where/majordomo/wrapper ..."
    owner-listname: ...
    listname-request: ...
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This example assumes that in <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, $<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a> is listed under
the <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> parameter setting.  If that is not the case,
specify an explicit domain name on the right-hand side of the
virtual alias table entries or else mail will go to the wrong
domain. </p>

<p> More information about the Postfix local delivery agent can be
found in the <a href="local.8.html">local(8)</a> manual page. </p>

<p> Why does this example use a clumsy virtual alias instead of a
more elegant transport mapping? The reason is that mail for the
virtual mailing list would be rejected with "User unknown".  In
order to make the transport mapping work one would still need a
bunch of virtual alias or virtual mailbox table entries. </p>

<ul>

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, there would need to be one
identity mapping from each mailing list address to itself.

<li> In case of a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domain</a>, there would need to be
a dummy mailbox for each mailing list address.

</ul>

<h2><a name="autoreplies">Autoreplies</a></h2>

<p> In order to set up an autoreply for virtual recipients while
still delivering mail as normal, set up a rule in a virtual alias
table: </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/<a href="virtual.8.html">virtual</a>:
    user@@domain.tld user@@domain.tld, user@@domain.tld@@autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This delivers mail to the recipient, and sends a copy of the
mail to the address that produces automatic replies. The address
can be serviced on a different machine, or it can be serviced
locally by setting up a transport map entry that pipes all mail
for autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld into some script that sends an automatic
reply back to the sender. </p>

<p> DO NOT list autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld in <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a>! </p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
/etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>:
    <a href="postconf.5.html#transport_maps">transport_maps</a> = hash:/etc/postfix/transport

/etc/postfix/transport:
    autoreply.<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>.tld  autoreply:

/etc/postfix/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>:
    # =============================================================
    # service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command
    #               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
    # =============================================================
    autoreply unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
        flags= user=nobody argv=/path/to/autoreply $sender $mailbox
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p> This invokes /path/to/autoreply with the sender address and
the user@@domain.tld recipient address on the command line. </p>

<p> For more information, see the <a href="pipe.8.html">pipe(8)</a> manual page, and the
comments in the Postfix <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file. </p>

</body>

</html>
@


1.1.1.1.2.3
log
@Pull up following revision(s) (requested by tron in ticket #1425):
        Update Postfix to version 2.7.1:
        - Improved before-queue content filter performance. With
          "smtpd_proxy_options = speed_adjust", the Postfix SMTP server
          receives the entire message before it connects to a before-queue
          content filter. Typically, this allows Postfix to handle the same
          mail load with fewer content filter processes.
        - Improved address verification performance. The verify database is now
          persistent by default, and it is automatically cleaned periodically.
          Under overload conditions, the Postfix SMTP server no longer waits
          up to 6 seconds for an address probe to complete.
        - Support for reputation management based on the local SMTP client
          IP address. This is typically implemented with
          "FILTER transportname:" actions in access maps or header/body checks,
          and mail delivery transports in master.cf with
          unique smtp_bind_address values.
@
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@


