head 1.6; access; symbols netbsd-11-0-RC4:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC3:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC2:1.6 netbsd-11-0-RC1:1.6 perseant-exfatfs-base-20250801:1.6 netbsd-11:1.6.0.30 netbsd-11-base:1.6 netbsd-10-1-RELEASE:1.6 perseant-exfatfs-base-20240630:1.6 perseant-exfatfs:1.6.0.28 perseant-exfatfs-base:1.6 netbsd-8-3-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-9-4-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC6:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC5:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC4:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC3:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC2:1.6 netbsd-10-0-RC1:1.6 netbsd-10:1.6.0.26 netbsd-10-base:1.6 netbsd-9-3-RELEASE:1.6 cjep_sun2x-base1:1.6 cjep_sun2x:1.6.0.24 cjep_sun2x-base:1.6 cjep_staticlib_x-base1:1.6 netbsd-9-2-RELEASE:1.6 cjep_staticlib_x:1.6.0.22 cjep_staticlib_x-base:1.6 netbsd-9-1-RELEASE:1.6 phil-wifi-20200421:1.6 phil-wifi-20200411:1.6 is-mlppp:1.6.0.20 is-mlppp-base:1.6 phil-wifi-20200406:1.6 netbsd-8-2-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-9-0-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-9-0-RC2:1.6 netbsd-9-0-RC1:1.6 phil-wifi-20191119:1.6 netbsd-9:1.6.0.18 netbsd-9-base:1.6 phil-wifi-20190609:1.6 netbsd-8-1-RELEASE:1.6 netbsd-8-1-RC1:1.6 pgoyette-compat-merge-20190127:1.6 pgoyette-compat-20190127:1.6 pgoyette-compat-20190118:1.6 pgoyette-compat-1226:1.6 pgoyette-compat-1126:1.6 pgoyette-compat-1020:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0930:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0906:1.6 netbsd-7-2-RELEASE:1.5 pgoyette-compat-0728:1.6 netbsd-8-0-RELEASE:1.6 phil-wifi:1.6.0.16 phil-wifi-base:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0625:1.6 netbsd-8-0-RC2:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0521:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0502:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0422:1.6 netbsd-8-0-RC1:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0415:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0407:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0330:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0322:1.6 pgoyette-compat-0315:1.6 netbsd-7-1-2-RELEASE:1.5 pgoyette-compat:1.6.0.14 pgoyette-compat-base:1.6 netbsd-7-1-1-RELEASE:1.5 matt-nb8-mediatek:1.6.0.12 matt-nb8-mediatek-base:1.6 perseant-stdc-iso10646:1.6.0.10 perseant-stdc-iso10646-base:1.6 netbsd-8:1.6.0.8 netbsd-8-base:1.6 prg-localcount2-base3:1.6 prg-localcount2-base2:1.6 prg-localcount2-base1:1.6 prg-localcount2:1.6.0.6 prg-localcount2-base:1.6 pgoyette-localcount-20170426:1.6 bouyer-socketcan-base1:1.6 pgoyette-localcount-20170320:1.6 netbsd-7-1:1.5.0.10 netbsd-7-1-RELEASE:1.5 netbsd-7-1-RC2:1.5 netbsd-7-nhusb-base-20170116:1.5 bouyer-socketcan:1.6.0.4 bouyer-socketcan-base:1.6 pgoyette-localcount-20170107:1.6 netbsd-7-1-RC1:1.5 pgoyette-localcount-20161104:1.6 netbsd-7-0-2-RELEASE:1.5 localcount-20160914:1.6 netbsd-7-nhusb:1.5.0.8 netbsd-7-nhusb-base:1.5 pgoyette-localcount-20160806:1.6 pgoyette-localcount-20160726:1.6 pgoyette-localcount:1.6.0.2 pgoyette-localcount-base:1.6 netbsd-7-0-1-RELEASE:1.5 netbsd-7-0:1.5.0.6 netbsd-7-0-RELEASE:1.5 netbsd-7-0-RC3:1.5 netbsd-7-0-RC2:1.5 netbsd-7-0-RC1:1.5 netbsd-5-2-3-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-1-5-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-0-6-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-1-5-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-7:1.5.0.4 netbsd-7-base:1.5 yamt-pagecache-base9:1.5 yamt-pagecache-tag8:1.4 netbsd-6-1-4-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-0-5-RELEASE:1.4 tls-earlyentropy:1.5.0.2 tls-earlyentropy-base:1.5 riastradh-xf86-video-intel-2-7-1-pre-2-21-15:1.5 riastradh-drm2-base3:1.5 netbsd-6-1-3-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-0-4-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-2-2-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-1-4-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-1-2-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-0-3-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-2-1-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-1-3-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-1-1-RELEASE:1.4 riastradh-drm2-base2:1.4 riastradh-drm2-base1:1.4 riastradh-drm2:1.4.0.54 riastradh-drm2-base:1.4 netbsd-6-1:1.4.0.58 netbsd-6-0-2-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-1-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-1-RC4:1.4 netbsd-6-1-RC3:1.4 agc-symver:1.4.0.56 agc-symver-base:1.4 netbsd-6-1-RC2:1.4 netbsd-6-1-RC1:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base8:1.4 netbsd-5-2:1.4.0.52 netbsd-6-0-1-RELEASE:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base7:1.4 netbsd-5-2-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-2-RC1:1.4 matt-nb6-plus-nbase:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base6:1.4 netbsd-6-0:1.4.0.50 netbsd-6-0-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-6-0-RC2:1.4 tls-maxphys:1.4.0.48 tls-maxphys-base:1.5 matt-nb6-plus:1.4.0.46 matt-nb6-plus-base:1.4 netbsd-6-0-RC1:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base5:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base4:1.4 netbsd-6:1.4.0.44 netbsd-6-base:1.4 netbsd-5-1-2-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-1-1-RELEASE:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base3:1.4 yamt-pagecache-base2:1.4 yamt-pagecache:1.4.0.42 yamt-pagecache-base:1.4 cherry-xenmp:1.4.0.40 cherry-xenmp-base:1.4 bouyer-quota2-nbase:1.4 bouyer-quota2:1.4.0.38 bouyer-quota2-base:1.4 matt-mips64-premerge-20101231:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64-premerge-20101231:1.4 matt-nb5-pq3:1.4.0.36 matt-nb5-pq3-base:1.4 netbsd-5-1:1.4.0.34 netbsd-5-1-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-1-RC4:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64-k15:1.4 netbsd-5-1-RC3:1.4 netbsd-5-1-RC2:1.4 netbsd-5-1-RC1:1.4 netbsd-5-0-2-RELEASE:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64-premerge-20091211:1.4 matt-premerge-20091211:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64-u2-k2-k4-k7-k8-k9:1.4 matt-nb4-mips64-k7-u2a-k9b:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64-u1-k1-k5:1.4 matt-nb5-mips64:1.4.0.32 netbsd-5-0-1-RELEASE:1.4 jym-xensuspend-nbase:1.4 netbsd-5-0:1.4.0.30 netbsd-5-0-RELEASE:1.4 netbsd-5-0-RC4:1.4 netbsd-5-0-RC3:1.4 netbsd-5-0-RC2:1.4 jym-xensuspend:1.4.0.28 jym-xensuspend-base:1.4 netbsd-5-0-RC1:1.4 netbsd-5:1.4.0.26 netbsd-5-base:1.4 matt-mips64-base2:1.4 matt-mips64:1.4.0.24 netbsd-4-0-1-RELEASE:1.4 wrstuden-revivesa-base-3:1.4 wrstuden-revivesa-base-2:1.4 wrstuden-fixsa-newbase:1.4 wrstuden-revivesa-base-1:1.4 yamt-pf42-base4:1.4 yamt-pf42-base3:1.4 hpcarm-cleanup-nbase:1.4 yamt-pf42-baseX:1.4 yamt-pf42-base2:1.4 wrstuden-revivesa:1.4.0.22 wrstuden-revivesa-base:1.4 yamt-pf42:1.4.0.20 yamt-pf42-base:1.4 mjf-devfs2:1.4.0.18 mjf-devfs2-base:1.4 keiichi-mipv6-nbase:1.4 keiichi-mipv6:1.4.0.16 keiichi-mipv6-base:1.4 matt-armv6-nbase:1.4 matt-armv6-prevmlocking:1.4 wrstuden-fixsa-base-1:1.4 netbsd-4-0:1.4.0.14 netbsd-4-0-RELEASE:1.4 cube-autoconf:1.4.0.12 cube-autoconf-base:1.4 netbsd-4-0-RC5:1.4 netbsd-4-0-RC4:1.4 netbsd-4-0-RC3:1.4 netbsd-4-0-RC2:1.4 netbsd-4-0-RC1:1.4 matt-armv6:1.4.0.10 matt-armv6-base:1.4 matt-mips64-base:1.4 hpcarm-cleanup:1.4.0.8 hpcarm-cleanup-base:1.4 netbsd-3-1-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3-0-3-RELEASE:1.3 wrstuden-fixsa:1.4.0.6 wrstuden-fixsa-base:1.4 abandoned-netbsd-4-base:1.4 abandoned-netbsd-4:1.4.0.2 netbsd-3-1:1.3.0.12 netbsd-3-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3-0-2-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3-1-RC4:1.3 netbsd-3-1-RC3:1.3 netbsd-3-1-RC2:1.3 netbsd-3-1-RC1:1.3 netbsd-4:1.4.0.4 netbsd-4-base:1.4 netbsd-3-0-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3-0:1.3.0.10 netbsd-3-0-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC6:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC5:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC4:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC3:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC2:1.3 netbsd-3-0-RC1:1.3 netbsd-2-0-3-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-2-1:1.3.0.8 netbsd-2-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC6:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC5:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC4:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC3:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC2:1.3 netbsd-2-1-RC1:1.3 netbsd-2-0-2-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-3:1.3.0.6 netbsd-3-base:1.3 netbsd-2-0-1-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-2:1.3.0.4 netbsd-2-base:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RELEASE:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RC5:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RC4:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RC3:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RC2:1.3 netbsd-2-0-RC1:1.3 netbsd-2-0:1.3.0.2 netbsd-2-0-base:1.3 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002-RELEASE:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002-RC4:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002-RC3:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002-RC2:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH002-RC1:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH001:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH001-RELEASE:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH001-RC3:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH001-RC2:1.2 netbsd-1-6-PATCH001-RC1:1.2 fvdl_fs64_base:1.2 netbsd-1-6-RELEASE:1.2 netbsd-1-6-RC3:1.2 netbsd-1-6-RC2:1.2 netbsd-1-6-RC1:1.2 netbsd-1-6:1.2.0.12 netbsd-1-6-base:1.2 netbsd-1-5-PATCH003:1.2 netbsd-1-5-PATCH002:1.2 netbsd-1-5-PATCH001:1.2 netbsd-1-5-RELEASE:1.2 netbsd-1-5-BETA2:1.2 netbsd-1-5-BETA:1.2 netbsd-1-4-PATCH003:1.2 netbsd-1-5-ALPHA2:1.2 netbsd-1-5:1.2.0.10 netbsd-1-5-base:1.2 minoura-xpg4dl:1.2.0.8 minoura-xpg4dl-base:1.2 netbsd-1-4-PATCH002:1.2 wrstuden-devbsize-19991221:1.2 wrstuden-devbsize:1.2.0.6 wrstuden-devbsize-base:1.2 comdex-fall-1999:1.2.0.4 comdex-fall-1999-base:1.2 netbsd-1-4-PATCH001:1.2 netbsd-1-4-RELEASE:1.2 netbsd-1-4:1.2.0.2 netbsd-1-4-base:1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH003:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH003-CANDIDATE2:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH003-CANDIDATE1:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH003-CANDIDATE0:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH002:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-PATCH001:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3-BETA:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-3:1.1.1.2.0.2 netbsd-1-3-base:1.1.1.2 lite-2:1.1.1.2 netbsd-1-2-PATCH001:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-2-BETA:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-2:1.1.1.1.0.8 netbsd-1-2-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-1-PATCH001:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-1:1.1.1.1.0.4 netbsd-1-1-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH06:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH05:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH04:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH03:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH02:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH1:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-PATCH0:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-1-0:1.1.1.1.0.2 netbsd-1-0-base:1.1.1.1 Lite-1:1.1.1.1 CSRG:1.1.1; locks; strict; comment @# @; 1.6 date 2014.09.30.23.30.48; author christos; state Exp; branches; next 1.5; commitid achxrfmzy0bZtqSx; 1.5 date 2013.10.06.05.45.19; author dholland; state Exp; branches; next 1.4; commitid ZI3l0gvtmpFK7c8x; 1.4 date 2005.12.26.20.04.46; author perry; state Exp; branches 1.4.42.1 1.4.48.1; next 1.3; 1.3 date 2003.08.07.10.30.48; author agc; state Exp; branches; next 1.2; 1.2 date 98.01.09.06.54.39; author perry; state Exp; branches; next 1.1; 1.1 date 94.06.19.00.07.26; author cgd; state Exp; branches 1.1.1.1; next ; 1.4.42.1 date 2014.05.22.11.37.45; author yamt; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid P3Rlj4go6xHqKwBx; 1.4.48.1 date 2014.08.20.00.02.29; author tls; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid jTnpym9Qu0o4R1Nx; 1.1.1.1 date 94.06.19.00.07.27; author cgd; state Exp; branches; next 1.1.1.2; 1.1.1.2 date 97.10.17.09.49.55; author mrg; state Exp; branches; next ; desc @@ 1.6 log @remove extra tab that broke the table. @ text @.\" $NetBSD: 0.t,v 1.5 2013/10/06 05:45:19 dholland Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1993, 1994 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @@(#)0.t 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/26/94 .\" .if n .ND .TL Berkeley Software Architecture Manual .br 4.4BSD Edition .AU M. Kirk McKusick, Michael Karels .AU Samuel Leffler, William Joy .AU Robert Fabry .AI Computer Systems Research Group Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 .EH 'PSD:5-%''4.4BSD Architecture Manual' .OH '4.4BSD Architecture Manual''PSD:5-%' .AB This document summarizes the system calls provided by the 4.4BSD operating system. It does not attempt to act as a tutorial for use of the system, nor does it attempt to explain or justify the design of the system facilities. It gives neither motivation nor implementation details, in favor of brevity. .PP The first section describes the basic kernel functions provided to a process: process naming and protection, memory management, software interrupts, time and statistics functions, object references (descriptors), and resource controls. These facilities, as well as facilities for bootstrap, shutdown and process accounting, are provided solely by the kernel. .PP The second section describes the standard system abstractions for files and filesystems, communication, terminal handling, and process control and debugging. These facilities are implemented by the operating system or by network server processes. .AE .LP .bp +3 .\" The second argument of .Sh is the page number the section is .\" expected to begin on. This is extracted into the table of contents .\" before we begin typesetting. If you have been editing the document .\" and want to check that the page numbers are still correct, .\" uncomment the following line and the .sy line two lines down, then .\" run groff with -U so .sy is allowed. Then check the output pagelog .\" file. If anyone knows how to change this to an assertion, so .sy .\" isn't needed and groff will complain if $2 isn't equal to the page .\" number, please go ahead. .\".sy echo 'have should-be heading' >pagelog .de Sh .\".sy echo >>pagelog '\\$2 \\n% "\\$3"' .ie \\$1=0 \{\ \fB\\$3\fP .\} .el \{\ .NH \\$1 \\$3 .LP .\} .. .de Fn \fI\\$1\fP\\$2 .. .de Xr \\$1\\$2 .. .de Fd .. .Sh 0 4 "Notation and Types .PP The notation used to describe system calls is a variant of a C language function call, consisting of a prototype call followed by the declaration of parameters and results. An additional keyword \fBresult\fP, not part of the normal C language, is used to indicate which of the declared entities receive results. As an example, consider the \fIread\fP call, as described in section .Xr 2.1.1 : .DS cc = read(fd, buf, nbytes); result ssize_t cc; int fd; result void *buf; size_t nbytes; .DE The first line shows how the \fIread\fP routine is called, with three parameters. As shown on the second line, the return value \fIcc\fP is a size_t and \fIread\fP also returns information in the parameter \fIbuf\fP. .PP The descriptions of error conditions arising from each system call are not provided here; they appear in section .Xr 2 of the Programmer's Reference Manual. In particular, when accessed from the C language, many calls return a characteristic \-1 value when an error occurs, returning the error code in the global variable \fIerrno\fP. Other languages may present errors in different ways. .PP A number of system standard types are defined by the include file .I and used in the specifications here and in many C programs. .sp .ft C .TS l l l. Type Value _ caddr_t char * /* a memory address */ clock_t unsigned long /* count of CLK_TCK's */ gid_t unsigned long /* group ID */ int16_t short /* 16-bit integer */ int32_t int /* 32-bit integer */ int64_t long long /* 64-bit integer */ int8_t signed char /* 8-bit integer */ mode_t unsigned short /* file permissions */ off_t quad_t /* file offset */ pid_t long /* process ID */ qaddr_t quad_t * quad_t long long size_t unsigned int /* count of bytes */ ssize_t int /* signed size_t */ time_t long /* seconds since the Epoch */ u_char unsigned char u_int unsigned int u_long unsigned long u_quad_t unsigned long long u_short unsigned short uid_t unsigned long /* user ID */ uint unsigned int /* System V compatibility */ uint16_t unsigned short /* unsigned 16-bit integer */ uint32_t unsigned int /* unsigned 32-bit integer */ uint64_t unsigned long long /* unsigned 64-bit integer */ uint8_t unsigned char /* unsigned 8-bit integer */ ushort unsigned short /* System V compatibility */ .TE .ft R @ 1.5 log @I'm a document, Jim, not a shell script. Fix this to not use .sy to generate portions of the document. Instead, generate the necessary bits with sed beforehand. Apparently -ms is too feeble to be able to generate tables of contents with automatically generated page numbers, so add the expected page numbers into the document and make it possible to turn on a rudimentary mechanism for crosschecking them. (This mechanism still requires .sy though. Improvements welcome.) This makes it unnecessary to build the document twice, or to use groff in unsafe mode. @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD: 0.t,v 1.4 2005/12/26 20:04:46 perry Exp $ d174 1 a174 1 uint8_t unsigned char /* unsigned 8-bit integer */ @ 1.4 log @u_intN_t -> uintN_t Someone really should update this whole document to reflect current reality. It is valuable but very, very old. @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD: 0.t,v 1.3 2003/08/07 10:30:48 agc Exp $ d81 10 a90 1 .sy echo -n >toc d92 1 a92 1 .sy echo >>toc '.L\\$1 "\\$2" \\n%' d94 1 a94 1 \fB\\$2\fP d98 1 a98 1 \\$2 a108 1 .sy echo >>toc '.Nm \\$1 \\$2 "\\$3' d110 1 a110 1 .Sh 0 "Notation and Types @ 1.4.48.1 log @Rebase to HEAD as of a few days ago. @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD$ d81 1 a81 10 .\" The second argument of .Sh is the page number the section is .\" expected to begin on. This is extracted into the table of contents .\" before we begin typesetting. If you have been editing the document .\" and want to check that the page numbers are still correct, .\" uncomment the following line and the .sy line two lines down, then .\" run groff with -U so .sy is allowed. Then check the output pagelog .\" file. If anyone knows how to change this to an assertion, so .sy .\" isn't needed and groff will complain if $2 isn't equal to the page .\" number, please go ahead. .\".sy echo 'have should-be heading' >pagelog d83 1 a83 1 .\".sy echo >>pagelog '\\$2 \\n% "\\$3"' d85 1 a85 1 \fB\\$3\fP d89 1 a89 1 \\$3 d100 1 d102 1 a102 1 .Sh 0 4 "Notation and Types @ 1.4.42.1 log @sync with head. for a reference, the tree before this commit was tagged as yamt-pagecache-tag8. this commit was splitted into small chunks to avoid a limitation of cvs. ("Protocol error: too many arguments") @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD: 0.t,v 1.4 2005/12/26 20:04:46 perry Exp $ d81 1 a81 10 .\" The second argument of .Sh is the page number the section is .\" expected to begin on. This is extracted into the table of contents .\" before we begin typesetting. If you have been editing the document .\" and want to check that the page numbers are still correct, .\" uncomment the following line and the .sy line two lines down, then .\" run groff with -U so .sy is allowed. Then check the output pagelog .\" file. If anyone knows how to change this to an assertion, so .sy .\" isn't needed and groff will complain if $2 isn't equal to the page .\" number, please go ahead. .\".sy echo 'have should-be heading' >pagelog d83 1 a83 1 .\".sy echo >>pagelog '\\$2 \\n% "\\$3"' d85 1 a85 1 \fB\\$3\fP d89 1 a89 1 \\$3 d100 1 d102 1 a102 1 .Sh 0 4 "Notation and Types @ 1.3 log @Move UCB-licensed code from 4-clause to 3-clause licence. Patches provided by Joel Baker in PR 22309, verified by myself. @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD: 0.t,v 1.2 1998/01/09 06:54:39 perry Exp $ a157 4 u_int16_t unsigned short /* unsigned 16-bit integer */ u_int32_t unsigned int /* unsigned 32-bit integer */ u_int64_t unsigned long long /* unsigned 64-bit integer */ u_int8_t unsigned char /* unsigned 8-bit integer */ d163 4 @ 1.2 log @RCS Id Police. @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" $NetBSD$ d14 1 a14 5 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors @ 1.1 log @Initial revision @ text @d1 3 a3 1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1993 d34 1 a34 1 .\" @@(#)0.t 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 d42 1 a42 1 William Joy, Robert Fabry, d44 1 a44 1 Samuel Leffler, M. Kirk McKusick, d46 1 a46 1 Michael Karels d56 3 a58 6 .FS * UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. .FE This document summarizes the facilities provided by the 4.4BSD version of the UNIX\|* operating system. It does not attempt to act as a tutorial for use of the system d65 1 a65 1 provided to a UNIX process: process naming and protection, d67 2 a68 1 object references (descriptors), time and statistics functions, d76 1 a76 1 files and file systems, d84 10 a93 7 .bp .ft B .br .sv 2 .ce TABLE OF CONTENTS .ft R d95 4 a98 152 .sp 1 .nf .B "Introduction." .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf .B "0. Notation and types" .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf .B "1. Kernel primitives" .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf .nf \fB1.1. Processes and protection\fP 1.1.1. Host and process identifiers 1.1.2. Process creation and termination 1.1.3. User and group ids 1.1.4. Process groups .LP .nf \fB1.2. Memory management\fP 1.2.1. Text, data and stack 1.2.2. Mapping pages 1.2.3. Page protection control 1.2.4. Giving and getting advice 1.2.5. Protection primitives .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB1.3. Signals\fP 1.3.1. Overview 1.3.2. Signal types 1.3.3. Signal handlers 1.3.4. Sending signals 1.3.5. Protecting critical sections 1.3.6. Signal stacks .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB1.4. Timing and statistics\fP 1.4.1. Real time 1.4.2. Interval time .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB1.5. Descriptors\fP 1.5.1. The reference table 1.5.2. Descriptor properties 1.5.3. Managing descriptor references 1.5.4. Multiplexing requests 1.5.5. Descriptor wrapping .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB1.6. Resource controls\fP 1.6.1. Process priorities 1.6.2. Resource utilization 1.6.3. Resource limits .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB1.7. System operation support\fP 1.7.1. Bootstrap operations 1.7.2. Shutdown operations 1.7.3. Accounting .bp .LP .if t .sp .5v .sp 1 .nf \fB2. System facilities\fP .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB2.1. Generic operations\fP 2.1.1. Read and write 2.1.2. Input/output control 2.1.3. Non-blocking and asynchronous operations .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB2.2. File system\fP 2.2.1 Overview 2.2.2. Naming 2.2.3. Creation and removal 2.2.3.1. Directory creation and removal 2.2.3.2. File creation 2.2.3.3. Creating references to devices 2.2.3.4. Portal creation 2.2.3.6. File, device, and portal removal 2.2.4. Reading and modifying file attributes 2.2.5. Links and renaming 2.2.6. Extension and truncation 2.2.7. Checking accessibility 2.2.8. Locking 2.2.9. Disc quotas .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB2.3. Interprocess communication\fP 2.3.1. Interprocess communication primitives 2.3.1.1.\0 Communication domains 2.3.1.2.\0 Socket types and protocols 2.3.1.3.\0 Socket creation, naming and service establishment 2.3.1.4.\0 Accepting connections 2.3.1.5.\0 Making connections 2.3.1.6.\0 Sending and receiving data 2.3.1.7.\0 Scatter/gather and exchanging access rights 2.3.1.8.\0 Using read and write with sockets 2.3.1.9.\0 Shutting down halves of full-duplex connections 2.3.1.10.\0 Socket and protocol options 2.3.2. UNIX domain 2.3.2.1. Types of sockets 2.3.2.2. Naming 2.3.2.3. Access rights transmission 2.3.3. INTERNET domain 2.3.3.1. Socket types and protocols 2.3.3.2. Socket naming 2.3.3.3. Access rights transmission 2.3.3.4. Raw access .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB2.4. Terminals and devices\fP 2.4.1. Terminals 2.4.1.1. Terminal input 2.4.1.1.1 Input modes 2.4.1.1.2 Interrupt characters 2.4.1.1.3 Line editing 2.4.1.2. Terminal output 2.4.1.3. Terminal control operations 2.4.1.4. Terminal hardware support 2.4.2. Structured devices 2.4.3. Unstructured devices .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fB2.5. Process control and debugging\fP .LP .if t .sp .5v .nf \fBI. Summary of facilities\fP .LP .de sh .ds RH \\$1 .bp .NH \\*(ss \s+2\\$1\s0 .PP .PP d100 2 a101 6 .bp .ds ss 1 .de _d .if t .ta .6i 2.1i 2.6i .\" 2.94 went to 2.6, 3.64 to 3.30 .if n .ta .84i 2.6i 3.30i d103 2 a104 4 .de _f .if t .ta .5i 1.25i 2.5i 3.5i .\" 3.5i went to 3.8i .if n .ta .7i 1.75i 3.8i 4.8i d106 1 a106 2 .nr H1 -1 .sh "Notation and types d109 2 a110 2 C language call, consisting of a prototype call followed by declaration of parameters and results. d114 2 a115 1 section 2.1: d118 1 a118 1 result int cc; int fd; result char *buf; int nbytes; d122 8 a129 5 As shown on the second line \fIcc\fP is an integer and \fIread\fP also returns information in the parameter \fIbuf\fP. .PP Description of all error conditions arising from each system call is not provided here; they appear in the programmer's manual. d136 1 a136 1 A number of system standard types are defined in the include file d139 35 a173 6 These include \fBcaddr_t\fP giving a memory address (typically as a character pointer), \fBoff_t\fP giving a file offset (typically as a long integer), and a set of unsigned types \fBu_char\fP, \fBu_short\fP, \fBu_int\fP and \fBu_long\fP, shorthand names for \fBunsigned char\fP, \fBunsigned short\fP, etc. @ 1.1.1.1 log @new doc set from Lite @ text @@ 1.1.1.2 log @4.4BSD-Lite2 @ text @d1 1 a1 1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1993, 1994 d32 1 a32 1 .\" @@(#)0.t 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/26/94 d40 1 a40 1 M. Kirk McKusick, Michael Karels d42 1 a42 1 Samuel Leffler, William Joy d44 1 a44 1 Robert Fabry d54 6 a59 3 This document summarizes the system calls provided by the 4.4BSD operating system. It does not attempt to act as a tutorial for use of the system, d66 1 a66 1 provided to a process: process naming and protection, d68 1 a68 2 time and statistics functions, object references (descriptors), d76 1 a76 1 files and filesystems, d84 76 a159 10 .bp +3 .sy echo -n >toc .de Sh .sy echo >>toc '.L\\$1 "\\$2" \\n%' .ie \\$1=0 \{\ \fB\\$2\fP .\} .el \{\ .NH \\$1 \\$2 d161 83 a243 1 .\} d245 6 a250 2 .de Fn \fI\\$1\fP\\$2 d252 4 a255 2 .de Xr \\$1\\$2 d257 2 a258 4 .de Fd .sy echo >>toc '.Nm \\$1 \\$2 "\\$3' .. .Sh 0 "Notation and Types d261 2 a262 2 C language function call, consisting of a prototype call followed by the declaration of parameters and results. d266 1 a266 2 section .Xr 2.1.1 : d269 1 a269 1 result ssize_t cc; int fd; result void *buf; size_t nbytes; d273 5 a277 8 As shown on the second line, the return value \fIcc\fP is a size_t and \fIread\fP also returns information in the parameter \fIbuf\fP. .PP The descriptions of error conditions arising from each system call are not provided here; they appear in section .Xr 2 of the Programmer's Reference Manual. d284 1 a284 1 A number of system standard types are defined by the include file d287 6 a292 35 .sp .ft C .TS l l l. Type Value _ caddr_t char * /* a memory address */ clock_t unsigned long /* count of CLK_TCK's */ gid_t unsigned long /* group ID */ int16_t short /* 16-bit integer */ int32_t int /* 32-bit integer */ int64_t long long /* 64-bit integer */ int8_t signed char /* 8-bit integer */ mode_t unsigned short /* file permissions */ off_t quad_t /* file offset */ pid_t long /* process ID */ qaddr_t quad_t * quad_t long long size_t unsigned int /* count of bytes */ ssize_t int /* signed size_t */ time_t long /* seconds since the Epoch */ u_char unsigned char u_int unsigned int u_int16_t unsigned short /* unsigned 16-bit integer */ u_int32_t unsigned int /* unsigned 32-bit integer */ u_int64_t unsigned long long /* unsigned 64-bit integer */ u_int8_t unsigned char /* unsigned 8-bit integer */ u_long unsigned long u_quad_t unsigned long long u_short unsigned short uid_t unsigned long /* user ID */ uint unsigned int /* System V compatibility */ ushort unsigned short /* System V compatibility */ .TE .ft R @