head 1.1; branch 1.1.1; access; symbols netbsd-11-0-RC5:1.1.1.2 netbsd-11-0-RC4:1.1.1.2 netbsd-11-0-RC3:1.1.1.2 netbsd-11-0-RC2:1.1.1.2 netbsd-11-0-RC1:1.1.1.2 perseant-exfatfs-base-20250801:1.1.1.2 netbsd-11:1.1.1.2.0.2 netbsd-11-base:1.1.1.2 netbsd-10-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 v2_11:1.1.1.2 perseant-exfatfs-base-20240630:1.1.1.1 perseant-exfatfs:1.1.1.1.0.58 perseant-exfatfs-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-4-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC6:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC5:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC4:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC3:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 netbsd-10:1.1.1.1.0.56 netbsd-10-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 cjep_sun2x-base1:1.1.1.1 cjep_sun2x:1.1.1.1.0.54 cjep_sun2x-base:1.1.1.1 cjep_staticlib_x-base1:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 cjep_staticlib_x:1.1.1.1.0.52 cjep_staticlib_x-base:1.1.1.1 v2_9:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi-20200421:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi-20200411:1.1.1.1 is-mlppp:1.1.1.1.0.50 is-mlppp-base:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi-20200406:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi-20191119:1.1.1.1 netbsd-9:1.1.1.1.0.48 netbsd-9-base:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi-20190609:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-1-RC1:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-merge-20190127:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-20190127:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-20190118:1.1.1.1 v2_7:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-1226:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-1126:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-1020:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0930:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0906:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0728:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 phil-wifi:1.1.1.1.0.46 phil-wifi-base:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0625:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0521:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0502:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0422:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0415:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0407:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0330:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0322:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat-0315:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-1-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-compat:1.1.1.1.0.44 pgoyette-compat-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-1-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 matt-nb8-mediatek:1.1.1.1.0.42 matt-nb8-mediatek-base:1.1.1.1 perseant-stdc-iso10646:1.1.1.1.0.40 perseant-stdc-iso10646-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-8:1.1.1.1.0.38 netbsd-8-base:1.1.1.1 prg-localcount2-base3:1.1.1.1 prg-localcount2-base2:1.1.1.1 prg-localcount2-base1:1.1.1.1 prg-localcount2:1.1.1.1.0.36 prg-localcount2-base:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20170426:1.1.1.1 bouyer-socketcan-base1:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20170320:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-1:1.1.1.1.0.34 netbsd-7-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-1-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-nhusb-base-20170116:1.1.1.1 bouyer-socketcan:1.1.1.1.0.32 bouyer-socketcan-base:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20170107:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-1-RC1:1.1.1.1 v2_6:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20161104:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 localcount-20160914:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-nhusb:1.1.1.1.0.30 netbsd-7-nhusb-base:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20160806:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount-20160726:1.1.1.1 pgoyette-localcount:1.1.1.1.0.28 pgoyette-localcount-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0:1.1.1.1.0.26 netbsd-7-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0-RC3:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 v2_4:1.1.1.1 v2_3:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-6-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-5-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-7:1.1.1.1.0.24 netbsd-7-base:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base9:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-tag8:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-4-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-5-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 tls-earlyentropy:1.1.1.1.0.22 tls-earlyentropy-base:1.1.1.1 riastradh-xf86-video-intel-2-7-1-pre-2-21-15:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2-base3:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-4-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 v2_0:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-3-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2-base2:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2-base1:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2:1.1.1.1.0.16 v1_1:1.1.1.1 riastradh-drm2-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1:1.1.1.1.0.20 netbsd-6-0-2-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC4:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC3:1.1.1.1 agc-symver:1.1.1.1.0.18 agc-symver-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC2:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-1-RC1:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base8:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-1-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base7:1.1.1.1 matt-nb6-plus-nbase:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base6:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0:1.1.1.1.0.14 netbsd-6-0-RELEASE:1.1.1.1 v1_0:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-RC2:1.1.1.1 tls-maxphys:1.1.1.1.0.12 tls-maxphys-base:1.1.1.1 matt-nb6-plus:1.1.1.1.0.10 matt-nb6-plus-base:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6-0-RC1:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base5:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base4:1.1.1.1 netbsd-6:1.1.1.1.0.8 netbsd-6-base:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base3:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache-base2:1.1.1.1 yamt-pagecache:1.1.1.1.0.6 yamt-pagecache-base:1.1.1.1 v0_7_3:1.1.1.1 cherry-xenmp:1.1.1.1.0.4 cherry-xenmp-base:1.1.1.1 bouyer-quota2-nbase:1.1.1.1 bouyer-quota2:1.1.1.1.0.2 bouyer-quota2-base:1.1.1.1 matt-mips64-premerge-20101231:1.1.1.1 v0_7_2:1.1.1.1 MALINEN:1.1.1; locks; strict; comment @# @; 1.1 date 2010.08.04.10.24.26; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.1.1.1; next ; 1.1.1.1 date 2010.08.04.10.24.26; author christos; state Exp; branches 1.1.1.1.58.1; next 1.1.1.2; 1.1.1.2 date 2024.09.18.15.02.56; author christos; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid VitRusbKkuz5DiqF; 1.1.1.1.58.1 date 2025.08.02.05.24.29; author perseant; state Exp; branches; next ; commitid 23j6GFaDws3O875G; desc @@ 1.1 log @Initial revision @ text @ wpa_supplicant.conf 5 wpa_supplicant.conf configuration file for wpa_supplicant Overview wpa_supplicant is configured using a text file that lists all accepted networks and security policies, including pre-shared keys. See the example configuration file, probably in /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant/, for detailed information about the configuration format and supported fields. All file paths in this configuration file should use full (absolute, not relative to working directory) path in order to allow working directory to be changed. This can happen if wpa_supplicant is run in the background. Changes to configuration file can be reloaded be sending SIGHUP signal to wpa_supplicant ('killall -HUP wpa_supplicant'). Similarly, reloading can be triggered with the wpa_cli reconfigure command. Configuration file can include one or more network blocks, e.g., one for each used SSID. wpa_supplicant will automatically select the best network based on the order of network blocks in the configuration file, network security level (WPA/WPA2 is preferred), and signal strength. Quick Examples WPA-Personal (PSK) as home network and WPA-Enterprise with EAP-TLS as work network.
# allow frontend (e.g., wpa_cli) to be used by all users in 'wheel' group ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel # # home network; allow all valid ciphers network={ ssid="home" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=WPA-PSK psk="very secret passphrase" } # # work network; use EAP-TLS with WPA; allow only CCMP and TKIP ciphers network={ ssid="work" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=WPA-EAP pairwise=CCMP TKIP group=CCMP TKIP eap=TLS identity="user@@example.com" ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem" client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem" private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv" private_key_passwd="password" }
WPA-RADIUS/EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 with RADIUS servers that use old peaplabel (e.g., Funk Odyssey and SBR, Meetinghouse Aegis, Interlink RAD-Series)
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel network={ ssid="example" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=WPA-EAP eap=PEAP identity="user@@example.com" password="foobar" ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem" phase1="peaplabel=0" phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2" }
EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge configuration with anonymous identity for the unencrypted use. Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel network={ ssid="example" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=WPA-EAP eap=TTLS identity="user@@example.com" anonymous_identity="anonymous@@example.com" password="foobar" ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem" phase2="auth=MD5" }
IEEE 802.1X (i.e., no WPA) with dynamic WEP keys (require both unicast and broadcast); use EAP-TLS for authentication
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel network={ ssid="1x-test" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=IEEE8021X eap=TLS identity="user@@example.com" ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem" client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem" private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv" private_key_passwd="password" eapol_flags=3 }
Catch all example that allows more or less all configuration modes. The configuration options are used based on what security policy is used in the selected SSID. This is mostly for testing and is not recommended for normal use.
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel network={ ssid="example" scan_ssid=1 key_mgmt=WPA-EAP WPA-PSK IEEE8021X NONE pairwise=CCMP TKIP group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40 psk="very secret passphrase" eap=TTLS PEAP TLS identity="user@@example.com" password="foobar" ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem" client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem" private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv" private_key_passwd="password" phase1="peaplabel=0" ca_cert2="/etc/cert/ca2.pem" client_cert2="/etc/cer/user.pem" private_key2="/etc/cer/user.prv" private_key2_passwd="password" }
Authentication for wired Ethernet. This can be used with wired or roboswitch interface (-Dwired or -Droboswitch on command line).
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel ap_scan=0 network={ key_mgmt=IEEE8021X eap=MD5 identity="user" password="password" eapol_flags=0 }
Certificates Some EAP authentication methods require use of certificates. EAP-TLS uses both server side and client certificates whereas EAP-PEAP and EAP-TTLS only require the server side certificate. When client certificate is used, a matching private key file has to also be included in configuration. If the private key uses a passphrase, this has to be configured in wpa_supplicant.conf ("private_key_passwd"). wpa_supplicant supports X.509 certificates in PEM and DER formats. User certificate and private key can be included in the same file. If the user certificate and private key is received in PKCS#12/PFX format, they need to be converted to suitable PEM/DER format for wpa_supplicant. This can be done, e.g., with following commands:
# convert client certificate and private key to PEM format openssl pkcs12 -in example.pfx -out user.pem -clcerts # convert CA certificate (if included in PFX file) to PEM format openssl pkcs12 -in example.pfx -out ca.pem -cacerts -nokeys
See Also wpa_supplicant 8 openssl 1 @ 1.1.1.1 log @Import wpa_supplicant and hostapd @ text @@ 1.1.1.1.58.1 log @Sync with HEAD @ text @a2 4 07 August 2019 @ 1.1.1.2 log @Import wpa_supplicant hand hostapd 2.11. Previous was 2.9 1. Changes for hostapd: 2024-07-20 - v2.11 * Wi-Fi Easy Connect - add support for DPP release 3 - allow Configurator parameters to be provided during config exchange * HE/IEEE 802.11ax/Wi-Fi 6 - various fixes * EHT/IEEE 802.11be/Wi-Fi 7 - add preliminary support * SAE: add support for fetching the password from a RADIUS server * support OpenSSL 3.0 API changes * support background radar detection and CAC with some additional drivers * support RADIUS ACL/PSK check during 4-way handshake (wpa_psk_radius=3) * EAP-SIM/AKA: support IMSI privacy * improve 4-way handshake operations - use Secure=1 in message 3 during PTK rekeying * OCV: do not check Frequency Segment 1 Channel Number for 160 MHz cases to avoid interoperability issues * support new SAE AKM suites with variable length keys * support new AKM for 802.1X/EAP with SHA384 * extend PASN support for secure ranging * FT: Use SHA256 to derive PMKID for AKM 00-0F-AC:3 (FT-EAP) - this is based on additional details being added in the IEEE 802.11 standard - the new implementation is not backwards compatible * improved ACS to cover additional channel types/bandwidths * extended Multiple BSSID support * fix beacon protection with FT protocol (incorrect BIGTK was provided) * support unsynchronized service discovery (USD) * add preliminary support for RADIUS/TLS * add support for explicit SSID protection in 4-way handshake (a mitigation for CVE-2023-52424; disabled by default for now, can be enabled with ssid_protection=1) * fix SAE H2E rejected groups validation to avoid downgrade attacks * use stricter validation for some RADIUS messages * a large number of other fixes, cleanup, and extensions 2022-01-16 - v2.10 * SAE changes - improved protection against side channel attacks [https://w1.fi/security/2022-1/] - added option send SAE Confirm immediately (sae_config_immediate=1) after SAE Commit - added support for the hash-to-element mechanism (sae_pwe=1 or sae_pwe=2) - fixed PMKSA caching with OKC - added support for SAE-PK * EAP-pwd changes - improved protection against side channel attacks [https://w1.fi/security/2022-1/] * fixed WPS UPnP SUBSCRIBE handling of invalid operations [https://w1.fi/security/2020-1/] * fixed PMF disconnection protection bypass [https://w1.fi/security/2019-7/] * added support for using OpenSSL 3.0 * fixed various issues in experimental support for EAP-TEAP server * added configuration (max_auth_rounds, max_auth_rounds_short) to increase the maximum number of EAP message exchanges (mainly to support cases with very large certificates) for the EAP server * added support for DPP release 2 (Wi-Fi Device Provisioning Protocol) * extended HE (IEEE 802.11ax) support, including 6 GHz support * removed obsolete IAPP functionality * fixed EAP-FAST server with TLS GCM/CCM ciphers * dropped support for libnl 1.1 * added support for nl80211 control port for EAPOL frame TX/RX * fixed OWE key derivation with groups 20 and 21; this breaks backwards compatibility for these groups while the default group 19 remains backwards compatible; owe_ptk_workaround=1 can be used to enabled a a workaround for the group 20/21 backwards compatibility * added support for Beacon protection * added support for Extended Key ID for pairwise keys * removed WEP support from the default build (CONFIG_WEP=y can be used to enable it, if really needed) * added a build option to remove TKIP support (CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y) * added support for Transition Disable mechanism to allow the AP to automatically disable transition mode to improve security * added support for PASN * added EAP-TLS server support for TLS 1.3 (disabled by default for now) * a large number of other fixes, cleanup, and extensions 2. Changes for wpa_supplicant 2024-07-20 - v2.11 * Wi-Fi Easy Connect - add support for DPP release 3 - allow Configurator parameters to be provided during config exchange * MACsec - add support for GCM-AES-256 cipher suite - remove incorrect EAP Session-Id length constraint - add hardware offload support for additional drivers * HE/IEEE 802.11ax/Wi-Fi 6 - support BSS color updates - various fixes * EHT/IEEE 802.11be/Wi-Fi 7 - add preliminary support * support OpenSSL 3.0 API changes * improve EAP-TLS support for TLSv1.3 * EAP-SIM/AKA: support IMSI privacy * improve mitigation against DoS attacks when PMF is used * improve 4-way handshake operations - discard unencrypted EAPOL frames in additional cases - use Secure=1 in message 2 during PTK rekeying * OCV: do not check Frequency Segment 1 Channel Number for 160 MHz cases to avoid interoperability issues * support new SAE AKM suites with variable length keys * support new AKM for 802.1X/EAP with SHA384 * improve cross-AKM roaming with driver-based SME/BSS selection * PASN - extend support for secure ranging - allow PASN implementation to be used with external programs for Wi-Fi Aware * FT: Use SHA256 to derive PMKID for AKM 00-0F-AC:3 (FT-EAP) - this is based on additional details being added in the IEEE 802.11 standard - the new implementation is not backwards compatible, but PMKSA caching with FT-EAP was, and still is, disabled by default * support a pregenerated MAC (mac_addr=3) as an alternative mechanism for using per-network random MAC addresses * EAP-PEAP: require Phase 2 authentication by default (phase2_auth=1) to improve security for still unfortunately common invalid configurations that do not set ca_cert * extend SCS support for QoS Characteristics * extend MSCS support * support unsynchronized service discovery (USD) * add support for explicit SSID protection in 4-way handshake (a mitigation for CVE-2023-52424; disabled by default for now, can be enabled with ssid_protection=1) - in addition, verify SSID after key setup when beacon protection is used * fix SAE H2E rejected groups validation to avoid downgrade attacks * a large number of other fixes, cleanup, and extensions 2022-01-16 - v2.10 * SAE changes - improved protection against side channel attacks [https://w1.fi/security/2022-1/] - added support for the hash-to-element mechanism (sae_pwe=1 or sae_pwe=2); this is currently disabled by default, but will likely get enabled by default in the future - fixed PMKSA caching with OKC - added support for SAE-PK * EAP-pwd changes - improved protection against side channel attacks [https://w1.fi/security/2022-1/] * fixed P2P provision discovery processing of a specially constructed invalid frame [https://w1.fi/security/2021-1/] * fixed P2P group information processing of a specially constructed invalid frame [https://w1.fi/security/2020-2/] * fixed PMF disconnection protection bypass in AP mode [https://w1.fi/security/2019-7/] * added support for using OpenSSL 3.0 * increased the maximum number of EAP message exchanges (mainly to support cases with very large certificates) * fixed various issues in experimental support for EAP-TEAP peer * added support for DPP release 2 (Wi-Fi Device Provisioning Protocol) * a number of MKA/MACsec fixes and extensions * added support for SAE (WPA3-Personal) AP mode configuration * added P2P support for EDMG (IEEE 802.11ay) channels * fixed EAP-FAST peer with TLS GCM/CCM ciphers * improved throughput estimation and BSS selection * dropped support for libnl 1.1 * added support for nl80211 control port for EAPOL frame TX/RX * fixed OWE key derivation with groups 20 and 21; this breaks backwards compatibility for these groups while the default group 19 remains backwards compatible * added support for Beacon protection * added support for Extended Key ID for pairwise keys * removed WEP support from the default build (CONFIG_WEP=y can be used to enable it, if really needed) * added a build option to remove TKIP support (CONFIG_NO_TKIP=y) * added support for Transition Disable mechanism to allow the AP to automatically disable transition mode to improve security * extended D-Bus interface * added support for PASN * added a file-based backend for external password storage to allow secret information to be moved away from the main configuration file without requiring external tools * added EAP-TLS peer support for TLS 1.3 (disabled by default for now) * added support for SCS, MSCS, DSCP policy * changed driver interface selection to default to automatic fallback to other compiled in options * a large number of other fixes, cleanup, and extensions @ text @a2 4 07 August 2019 @