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desc
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1.1
log
@Initial revision
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text
@<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 
      <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
    </p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I. 
  Introduction
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
    Standard Contents
  </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4. 
  Support
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5. 
  Diagnostics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6. 
  Utilities
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001611968">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001608416">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001595120">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270000019344">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999996832">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999989536">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999974912">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999958496">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999954912">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7. 
  Strings
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8. 
  Localization
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idm269999753024">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9. 
  Containers
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10. 
  Iterators
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11. 
  Algorithms
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12. 
  Numerics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13. 
  Input and Output
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="atomics.html">14. 
  Atomics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15. 
  Concurrency
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="extensions.html">III. 
  Extensions
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="ext_preface.html"></a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_compile_checks.html">16. Compile Time Checks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="debug_mode.html">17. Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
    debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="profile_mode.html">19. Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.using">Using the Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.tuning">Tuning the Profile Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper">Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.rtlib">Run Time Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.analysis">Analysis and Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.cost-model">Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.reports">Reports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.testing">Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_api.html">Extensions for Custom Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Empirical Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html">Implementation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack">Stack Traces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols">Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib">Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks">Malloc Hooks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction">Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html">Developer Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic">Big Picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto">How To Add A Diagnostic</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html">Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template">Diagnostic Template</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers">Containers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small">Hashtable Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large">Hashtable Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash">Inefficient Hash</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small">Vector Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large">Vector Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable">Vector to Hashtable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector">Hashtable to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list">Vector to List</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector">List to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_slist">List to Forward List (Slist)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord">Ordered to Unordered Associative Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms">Algorithms</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort">Sort Algorithm Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality">Data Locality</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch">Need Software Prefetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked">Linked Structure Locality</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread">Multithreaded Data Access</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.ddtest">Data Dependence Violations at Container Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share">False Sharing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.statistics">Statistics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="profile_mode.html#profile_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mt_allocator.html">20. The mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">21. The bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="policy_data_structures.html">22. Policy-Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
	    Configuring via Template Parameters
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.traits">
	    Querying Container Attributes
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.point_range_iteration">
	    Point and Range Iteration
	  </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.basic">Intermediate Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.query">Querying with <code class="classname">container_traits</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container">By Container Method</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts">Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.null_type">Null Policy Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.associative_semantics">Map and Set Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.set_vs_map">
	    Distinguishing Between Maps and Sets
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.multi">Alternatives to <code class="classname">std::multiset</code> and <code class="classname">std::multimap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.iterator_semantics">Iterator Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.point_and_range">Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.both">Distinguishing Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.invalidation">Invalidation Guarantees</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.genericity">Genericity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.tag">Tag</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.traits">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container">By Container</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.hash">hash</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.tree">tree</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.trie">Trie</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.list">List</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.regression">Regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance">Performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_find">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_insert">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.zlob_int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code> with Skewed-Distribution
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.erase_mem">
	  Erase Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_insert">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_lor_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Locality-of-Reference
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.split_join">
	  <code class="function">split</code> and <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.order_statistics">
	  Order-Statistics
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap">Multimap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_small">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_large">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Large Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code> and <code class="function">pop</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push_pop">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">pop</code> Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_join">
	  Text <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_up">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Up
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_down">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Down
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">23. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">24. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">25. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">26. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">27. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">28. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">29. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">30. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV. 
  Appendices
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_contributing.html">A. 
  Contributing
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_porting.html">B. 
  Porting and Maintenance
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Test</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">Dejagnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
  Qualifying Exception Safety Guarantees
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.status">
    Existing tests
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.containers">
C++11 Requirements Test Sequence Descriptions
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.at">No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.eof">No <code class="code">std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringclear">No <code class="code">string::clear</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.ostreamform_istreamscan">
  Removal of <code class="code">ostream::form</code> and <code class="code">istream::scan</code>
  extensions
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.streamattach">
No <code class="code">stream::attach(int fd)</code>
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx98">
Support for C++98 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_tr1">
Support for C++TR1 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx11">
Support for C++11 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.iterator_type">
  <code class="code">Container::iterator_type</code> is not necessarily <code class="code">Container::value_type*</code>
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_free.html">C. 
  Free Software Needs Free Documentation
  
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gpl.html">D. 
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997917584">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997910864">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997879168">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997864256">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997855056">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997787392">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#idm269997724688">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997530416">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>22.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
	    Effect of embedded lists in
	    <code class="classname">std::multimap</code>
	  </a></dt><dt>22.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997506912">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>22.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997487104">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997473760">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997443664">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997403584">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
	      range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>22.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997339216">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997332160">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>22.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997315408">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>22.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997296368">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>22.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997265648">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997257872">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997253712">Standard resize policy size sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997175616">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997166176">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997153072">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997141408">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997133232">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997110976">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997066288">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997055856">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997025344">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997019760">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996955920">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996920880">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#idm269993497120">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#idm270008034928">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#idm270007982624">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#idm270006687472">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#idm270002960368">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#idm270002481088">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002453792">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002417312">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002392576">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002341136">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002311248">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002294320">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002273248">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002267728">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002261328">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002225600">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002210832">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002197456">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269999040896">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269998996000">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#idm269998805216">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#idm269998550064">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#idm269998442544">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#idm269998030352">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993370272">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993294592">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993275152">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993197520">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993173376">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#idm269992502096">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#idm269992474464">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997389776">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997383888">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997379376">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997377552">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997367984">
		A Standard String Hash Function
	      </a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997361840">
		Only k String DNA Hash
	      </a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997290864">
		Probability of Probe Sequence of Length k
	      </a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997284096">
		Probability Probe Sequence in Some Bin
	      </a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part I. 
  Introduction
  
</td></tr></table></div></body></html>@


1.1.1.1
log
@import GCC 4.8 branch at r206687.

highlights from: http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.6/changes.html

   GCC now has stricter checks for invalid command-line options
   New -Wunused-but-set-variable and -Wunused-but-set-parameter
      warnings
   Many platforms have been obsoleted
   Link-time optimization improvements
   A new switch -fstack-usage has been added
   A new function attribute leaf was introduced
   A new warning, enabled by -Wdouble-promotion
   Support for selectively enabling and disabling warnings via
      #pragma GCC diagnostic has been added
   There is now experimental support for some features from the
      upcoming C1X revision of the ISO C standard
   Improved experimental support for the upcoming C++0x ISO C++
      standard
   G++ now issues clearer diagnostics in several cases
   Updates for ARM, x86, MIPS, PPC/PPC64, SPARC
   Darwin, FreeBSD, Solaris 2, MinGW and Cygwin now all support
      __float128 on 32-bit and 64-bit x86 targets. [*1]

highlights from: http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.7/changes.html

   The -fconserve-space flag has been deprecated
   Support for a new parameter --param case-values-threshold=n
      was added
   Interprocedural and Link-time optimization improvements
   A new built-in, __builtin_assume_aligned, has been added
   A new warning option -Wunused-local-typedefs was added
   A new experimental command-line option -ftrack-macro-expansion
      was added
   Support for atomic operations specifying the C++11/C11 memory
      model has been added
   There is support for some more features from the C11 revision
      of the ISO C standard
   Improved experimental support for the new ISO C++ standard,
      C++11
   Updates for ARM, x86, MIPS, PPC/PPC64, SH, SPARC, TILE*
   A new option (-grecord-gcc-switches) was added

highlights from: http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.8/changes.html

   GCC now uses C++ as its implementation language.  This means
      that to build GCC from sources, you will need a C++
      compiler that understands C++ 2003
   DWARF4 is now the default when generating DWARF debug
      information
   A new general optimization level, -Og, has been introduced
   A new option -ftree-partial-pre was added
   The option -fconserve-space has been removed
   The command-line options -fipa-struct-reorg and
      -fipa-matrix-reorg have been removed
   Interprocedural and Link-time optimization improvements
   AddressSanitizer, a fast memory error detector, has been
      added  [*2]
   A new -Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess warning has been added
   G++ now supports a -std=c++1y option for experimentation
      with features proposed for the next revision of the
      standard, expected around 2014
   Improved experimental support for the new ISO C++ standard,
      C++11
   A new port has been added to support AArch64
   Updates for ARM, x86, MIPS, PPC/PPC64, SH, SPARC, TILE*


[*1] we should support this too!
[*2] we should look into this.
     https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/
@
text
@@


1.1.1.1.6.1
log
@Apply patch (requested by mrg in ticket #139):
Update to gcc 4.8-20141009, fixing over 50 GCC PRs and making
sh3 usable.
@
text
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10. 
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@


1.1.1.2
log
@initial import of GCC 4.8 snapshot 2014-10-09.  this fixes at
least the below GCC PRs, among many other changes.

it also makes sh3 reasonably useful again.

	c++/60731
	c/61271
	c/61271
	c/61271
	debug/55794
	debug/60655
	debug/61923
	debug/63284
	debug/63342
	inline-asm/63282
	ipa/61986
	ipa/62015
	libobjc/61920
	libobjc/61920
	libstdc++/58962
	libstdc++/60734
	libstdc++/60966
	libstdc++/61946
	libstdc++/63449
	middle-end/61010
	middle-end/61045
	middle-end/62103
	rtl-optimization/57003
	rtl-optimization/60866
	rtl-optimization/60901
	rtl-optimization/61801
	rtl-optimization/62004
	rtl-optimization/62030
	target/49423
	target/52941
	target/61044
	target/61202
	target/61208
	target/61231
	target/61239
	target/61249
	target/61300
	target/61423
	target/61431
	target/61443
	target/61483
	target/61542
	target/61545
	target/61570
	target/61586
	target/61996
	target/62195
	target/62218
	target/63428
	tree-optimization/60196
	tree-optimization/61375
	tree-optimization/61383
	tree-optimization/61452
	tree-optimization/61684
	tree-optimization/61964
	tree-optimization/62073
	tree-optimization/62075
	tree-optimization/63189
	tree-optimization/63341
	tree-optimization/63375
@
text
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@


1.1.1.3
log
@import GCC 5.3.0.  see these urls for details which are too large to
include here:

	http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.9/changes.html
	http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/changes.html

(note that GCC 5.x is a release stream like GCC 4.9.x, 4.8.x, etc.)


the main issues we will have are:

The default mode for C is now -std=gnu11 instead of -std=gnu89.

ARM:
The deprecated option -mwords-little-endian has been removed.
The options -mapcs, -mapcs-frame, -mtpcs-frame and -mtpcs-leaf-frame
 which are only applicable to the old ABI have been deprecated.

MIPS:
The o32 ABI has been modified and extended. The o32 64-bit
 floating-point register support is now obsolete and has been removed.
 It has been replaced by three ABI extensions FPXX, FP64A, and FP64.
 The meaning of the -mfp64 command-line option has changed. It is now
 used to enable the FP64A and FP64 ABI extensions.
@
text
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href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.interface">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.default">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.caching">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.hier">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.thread">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.policy">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.rel">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.issues">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl.spec">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10. 
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	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">23. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">24. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">25. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">26. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">27. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">28. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">29. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">30. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Built-in Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_50"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
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  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.3.3.4">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.3.4.4">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.3.5.4.5">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.3.5.5.7">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.3.5.6.6">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.9.2.5.4.3.3">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#id-1.3.5.9.3.3.6">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.3.3.3.14">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>22.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
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	  </a></dt><dt>22.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.3.3.3.23">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>22.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.3.4.3.5">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.3.4.4.5">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.3.5.7.4">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.3">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
	      range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>22.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.5.3.4">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.5.3.6">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>22.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.5.5.5">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>22.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.4.7">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>22.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.6">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.9">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.10">Standard resize policy size sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
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	      </a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.12">
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	      </a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.4.9">
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	      </a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.3.4.14">
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</td></tr></table></div></body></html>@


1.1.1.4
log
@import GCC 5.4.0 release.  there's not a lot of new info though at
least these 135 (!) GCC PRs have been fixed by the update:

68730 69714 67550 70209 71254 70839 69737 70067 67355 67172 69239
65779 69546 70272 70421 65985 67339 67411 68309 68585 68679 68890
68949 69009 70139 70494 68162 69135 70306 68965 70297 70635 66786
69098 70347 69719 70526 70941 69400 69577 69447 65689 65886 65932
66655 68269 68789 69614 69648 69666 69764 69794 70044 70052 65726
68910 64289 68671 68835 69669 70329 71204 69355 67364 68049 68998
69323 69743 69995 69146 68651 67755 67484 68790 68907 69099 69496
69509 69516 70393 69222 69703 69939 70609 71004 71005 71036 71037
71038 68636 69013 69606 70115 70333 70430 60290 70356 69305 70024
67781 69414 69140 70510 60164 66635 67896 68106 68298 68449 68779
68921 68986 69037 69147 69194 69366 69399 69705 69917 69969 70613
71317 69268 70269 69032 65702 69219 69484 65996 66680 68283 69603
70350 67451 61397
@
text
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
@


1.1.1.5
log
@import GCC 6.4.0.  see this url for details which are too large to
include here:

   http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-6/changes.html

the main visible changes appear to be:

- The default mode for C++ is now -std=gnu++14 instead of -std=gnu++98.
- The C and C++ compilers now support attributes on enumerators.
- Diagnostics can now contain "fix-it hints"
- more warnings (some added to -Wall)
@
text
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.201z">C++ 201z</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="errno.html">Use of errno by the library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6. 
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_status">C++ 201z Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.version">Shared Library Versioning</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Test Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.examples">Examples of Test Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.directives">Directives Specific to Libstdc++ Tests</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">DejaGnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
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</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
      <a class="link" href="https://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_status">C++ 201z Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.version">Shared Library Versioning</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Test Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.examples">Examples of Test Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.directives">Directives Specific to Libstdc++ Tests</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">DejaGnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
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</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
@


1.1.1.6
log
@import GCC 6.5.0.  this is largely a maint release with no
particularly features listed here:

   http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-6/changes.html

this fixes over 250 PRs in the GCC bugzilla:

   https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=RESOLVED&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=6.5
@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_status">C++ 201z Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx1z_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
@


1.1.1.7
log
@import GCC 7.4.0.  main changes include:

The non-standard C++0x type traits has_trivial_default_constructor,
has_trivial_copy_constructor and has_trivial_copy_assign have been
removed.

On ARM targets (arm*-*-*), a bug introduced in GCC 5 that affects
conformance to the procedure call standard (AAPCS) has been fixed.

Many optimiser improvements

DWARF-5 support.

Many new and enhanced warnings.

Warnings about format strings now underline the pertinent part of
the string, and can offer suggested fixes.

Several new warnings related to buffer overflows and buffer
truncation.

New __builtin_add_overflow_p, __builtin_sub_overflow_p,
__builtin_mul_overflow_p built-ins added that test for overflow.

The C++ front end has experimental support for all of the current
C++17 draft.

The -fverbose-asm option has been expanded to prints comments
showing the source lines that correspond to the assembly.

The gcc and g++ driver programs will now provide suggestions for
misspelled arguments to command-line options.


AArch64 specific:

GCC has been updated to the latest revision of the procedure call
standard (AAPCS64) to provide support for parameter passing when
data types have been over-aligned.

The ARMv8.2-A and ARMv8.3-A architecture are now supported.

ARM specific:

Support for the ARMv5 and ARMv5E architectures has been
deprecated (which have no known implementations).

A new command-line option -mpure-code has been added. It does not
allow constant data to be placed in code sections.

x86 specific:

Support for the AVX-512 4FMAPS, 4VNNIW, VPOPCNTDQ and Software
Guard Extensions (SGX) ISA extensions has been added.

PPC specific:

GCC now diagnoses inline assembly that clobbers register r2.

RISC-V specific:

Support for the RISC-V instruction set has been added.

SH specific:

Support for SH5/SH64 has been removed.

Support for SH2A has been enhanced.
@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.version">Shared Library Versioning</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Test Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.examples">Examples of Test Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.directives">Directives Specific to Libstdc++ Tests</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">DejaGnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
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</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
@


1.1.1.8
log
@import GCC 8.3.  it includes these new features:
- many optimisations improved: inter-procedural, profile-directed,
  LTO, loops including user-controllable unroll support, and more.
- columns numbers added to line numbers in dwarf
- gcov extended significantly
- many sanitizer updates
- many new warning messages
- many better hints and more useful error messages
- minor ABI changes on x86-64 libstdc++, and some c++17 modes
- draft c++2a features
- better c++17 experimental support
- Armv8.4-A supported, better 8.2-A and 8.3-A support, including
  32 bit arm port.  cortex a-55, a-75 and a-55.a-75 combo support.
- in the GCC bugzilla, 8.1 shows 1149 bugs fixed, 8.2 shows 100, and
  8.3 shows 158.
@
text
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 
      <a class="link" href="https://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
d126 1
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
@


1.1.1.9
log
@import GCC 8.4.  it fixes at least these 210 PRs in GCC bugzilla:

90095 93348 89906 89766 86747 87770 89588 89753 88235 89762 89684 89946
89965 90010 90026 90733 90810 90840 90842 90867 91623 92930 93073 93402
93505 93576 93744 93820 93908 85762 86429 86521 87327 87480 87513 87554
87685 87748 88183 88380 88394 88419 88690 88820 89381 89422 89576 89831
89917 90951 92003 92852 93140 80791 89358 89970 90899 89212 89419 92745
93684 93789 88273 91826 92376 84746 89497 89595 89664 89711 89725 90018
90316 90900 91108 91293 91772 92763 93054 93246 90313 92420 93434 93767
88530 89517 91838 79262 84680 85459 85711 85860 86567 87008 87651 87652
88469 89546 89827 90197 93072 93241 81800 89190 85400 91472 91854 92095
92131 92575 93704 60228 61414 65782 89405 89498 89703 89752 90187 90193
90898 91401 91450 91665 92296 92384 92438 92615 92648 92723 92732 92904
93087 93228 93515 93905 82081 92859 89712 89876 92106 82645 78552 81266
85965 89102 90165 90299 90532 91436 92059 93205 93325 93562 90359 91280
91375 92674 92704 93439 92768 80938 83361 90563 92113 92961 87833 89848
89902 89903 92022 93828 78179 79221 82920 84016 87015 88075 89077 89266
90454 90634 91226 92154 92664 92886 93065 92692 92629 80590 91944 92899
92977 93463 89601 88025 91660 91845 90498 91077 84487 86119 89174 89981
91550 92569 84135 84974 90872 93714
@
text
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
d7 1
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
@


1.1.1.10
log
@import GCC 7.5.0.  doing this here so that the vendor branch has
the code we'll merge into gcc.old and the netbsd-9 tree gcc tree.
GCC 8.4.0 will be imported immediately on top of this again,
restoring the current status.

these PRs in the GCC bugzilla are fixed with this update:

89869 80693 89795 84272 85593 86669 87148 87647 87895 88103 88107 88563
88870 88976 89002 89187 89195 89234 89303 89314 89354 89361 89403 89412
89512 89520 89590 89621 89663 89679 89704 89734 89872 89933 90090 90208
87075 85870 89009 89242 88167 80864 81933 85890 86608 87145 88857 89024
89119 89214 89511 89612 89705 89400 81740 82186 84552 86554 87609 88105
88149 88415 88739 88903 89135 89223 89296 89505 89572 89677 89698 89710
90006 90020 90071 90328 90474 91126 91162 91812 91887 90075 88998 89945
87047 87506 88074 88656 88740 91137 89008 84010 89349 91136 91347 91995
89397 87030 60702 78884 85594 87649 87725 88181 88470 88553 88568 88588
88620 88644 88906 88949 89246 89587 89726 89768 89796 89998 90108 90756
90950 91704 88825 88983 86538 51333 89446 90220 91308 92143 89392 90213
90278 91131 91200 91510 89037 91481 87673 88418 88938 88948 90547 27221
58321 61250 67183 67958 77583 83531 86215 88648 88720 88726 89091 89466
89629 90105 90329 90585 90760 90924 91087 89222 81956 71861 35031 69455
81849 82993 85798 88138 88155 88169 88205 88206 88228 88249 88269 88376
77703 80260 82077 86248 88393 90786 57048 66089 66695 67679 68009 71723
72714 84394 85544 87734 88298 90937 91557 63891 64132 65342 68649 68717
71066 71860 71935 77746 78421 78645 78865 78983 79485 79540 85953 88326
89651 90744
@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 
      <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_50"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
@


1.1.1.11
log
@re-import GCC 8.4.0.
@
text
@d2 2
a3 2
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
      <a class="link" href="https://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
@


1.1.1.12
log
@initial import of GCC 9.3.0.  changes include:

- live patching support
- shell completion help
- generally better diagnostic output (less verbose/more useful)
- diagnostics and optimisation choices can be emitted in json
- asan memory usage reduction
- many general, and specific to switch, inter-procedure,
  profile and link-time optimisations.  from the release notes:
  "Overall compile time of Firefox 66 and LibreOffice 6.2.3 on
  an 8-core machine was reduced by about 5% compared to GCC 8.3"
- OpenMP 5.0 support
- better spell-guesser
- partial experimental support for c2x and c++2a
- c++17 is no longer experimental
- arm AAPCS GCC 6-8 structure passing bug fixed, may cause
  incompatibility (restored compat with GCC 5 and earlier.)
- openrisc support
@
text
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 202a</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2020.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_72"><code class="constant">7.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_91"><code class="constant">9</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.cxx20_status">C++ 2020 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.10. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_headers">C++ 2020 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_deprheaders">C++ 2020 Obsolete Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.19. <a href="using_headers.html#table.profile_headers">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.20. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#table.profile_code_loc">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#table.profile_diagnostics">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.9.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
@


1.1.1.13
log
@initial import of GCC 10.3.0.  main changes include:

caveats:
- ABI issue between c++14 and c++17 fixed
- profile mode is removed from libstdc++
- -fno-common is now the default

new features:
- new flags -fallocation-dce, -fprofile-partial-training,
  -fprofile-reproducible, -fprofile-prefix-path, and -fanalyzer
- many new compile and link time optimisations
- enhanced drive optimisations
- openacc 2.6 support
- openmp 5.0 features
- new warnings: -Wstring-compare and -Wzero-length-bounds
- extended warnings: -Warray-bounds, -Wformat-overflow,
  -Wrestrict, -Wreturn-local-addr, -Wstringop-overflow,
  -Warith-conversion, -Wmismatched-tags, and -Wredundant-tags
- some likely C2X features implemented
- more C++20 implemented
- many new arm & intel CPUs known

hundreds of reported bugs are fixed.  full list of changes
can be found at:

   https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-10/changes.html
@
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html#std.support.memory.notes">Additional Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5. 
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    debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mt_allocator.html">19. The mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">20. The bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="policy_data_structures.html">21. Policy-Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
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	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">22. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">23. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">24. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">25. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">26. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">27. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">28. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">29. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Built-in Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_72"><code class="constant">7.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_91"><code class="constant">9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_101"><code class="constant">10</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
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  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>21.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.3.3.4">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>21.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.3.4.4">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>21.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.3.5.4.5">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>21.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.3.5.5.7">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>21.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.3.5.6.6">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>21.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#id-1.3.5.8.2.5.4.3.3">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>21.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#id-1.3.5.8.3.3.6">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>21.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.3.3.3.14">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>21.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
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	  </a></dt><dt>21.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.3.3.3.23">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>21.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.3.4.3.5">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>21.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.3.4.4.5">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>21.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.3.5.7.4">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>21.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.2.3">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
	      range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>21.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.5.3.4">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>21.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.5.3.6">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>21.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.5.5.5">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>21.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.4.7">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>21.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.6">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>21.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.9">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>21.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.5.3.10">Standard resize policy size sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>21.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>21.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>21.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>21.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>21.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>21.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>21.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>21.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_features">C++ 2017 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.cxx20_features">C++ 2020 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.10. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.11. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_headers">C++ 2020 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_deprheaders">C++ 2020 Obsolete Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.19. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>20.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>21.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>21.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>21.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>21.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>21.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
d154 1
a154 1
	      </a></dt><dt>21.6. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.4.12">
d156 1
a156 1
	      </a></dt><dt>21.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.4.9">
d158 1
a158 1
	      </a></dt><dt>21.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.3.4.14">
@


1.1.1.13.6.1
log
@Sync to head external/gpl3/gcc/dist, pulling up the following revisions
(requested by mrg in ticket #231):

	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/fixincludes/tests/base/objc/runtime.h up to 1.1.1.1
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/opts-jobserver.h     up to 1.1.1.1
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/t-darwin-min-1 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/t-darwin-min-5 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/t-darwin-min-8 up to 1.1.1.1
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/ChangeLog                up to 1.1.1.21
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/LAST_UPDATED             up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/MD5SUMS                  up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/NEWS                     up to 1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/binaries.html    up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/build.html       up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/configure.html   up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/download.html    up to 1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/finalinstall.html up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/gfdl.html        up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/index.html       up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/old.html         up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/prerequisites.html up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/specific.html    up to 1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/INSTALL/test.html        up to 1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/config/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.21
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/contrib/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.21
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/contrib/header-tools/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/contrib/reghunt/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/contrib/regression/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/fixincludes/ChangeLog    up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/fixincludes/fixincl.x    up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/fixincludes/inclhack.def up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/fixincludes/tests/base/stdio.h up to 1.1.1.6
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/BASE-VER             up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/ChangeLog            up to 1.24
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/DATESTAMP            up to 1.1.1.22
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/asan.c               up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/bb-reorder.c         up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/builtins.c           up to 1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cfgbuild.c           up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cgraphclones.c       up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cgraphunit.c         up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config.gcc           up to 1.72
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cse.c                up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/expr.c               up to 1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/function.c           up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/function.h           up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/gcc.c                up to 1.25
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/generic-match-head.c up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/gimple-ssa-store-merging.c up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/ifcvt.c              up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/ira-color.c          up to 1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/loop-invariant.c     up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/lto-streamer-in.c    up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/lto-wrapper.c        up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/match.pd             up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/omp-expand.c         up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/omp-low.c            up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/optabs.c             up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/optc-save-gen.awk    up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/opts-common.c        up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/predict.c            up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/ree.c                up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/reg-stack.c          up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/regrename.c          up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/sanopt.c             up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/selftest-diagnostic.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/symbol-summary.h     up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-inline.c        up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-loop-distribution.c up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-nested.c        up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-sra.c           up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-ccp.c       up to 1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-dom.c       up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-loop-ivopts.c up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-reassoc.c   up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-sccvn.c     up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa-strlen.c    up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree-ssa.c           up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree.c               up to 1.5
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/tree.h               up to 1.5
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/varasm.c             up to 1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/wide-int.cc          up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/wide-int.h           up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/analyzer/ChangeLog   up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/brig/ChangeLog       up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c/ChangeLog          up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c/c-parser.c         up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c/c-typeck.c         up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c-family/ChangeLog   up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c-family/c-common.c  up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c-family/c-ubsan.c   up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/c-family/c-warn.c    up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/common/config/i386/i386-cpuinfo.h up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/darwin.c      up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/darwin.h      up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-c.c up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-cores.def up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-cost-tables.h up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-fusion-pairs.def up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-netbsd.h up to 1.7
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-protos.h up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-simd.md up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve-builtins.cc up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md up to 1.1.1.5
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-tune.md up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-tuning-flags.def up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.c up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.h up to 1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64.md up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/driver-aarch64.c up to 1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/aarch64/iterators.md up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/i386-builtin.def up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/i386-expand.c up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/i386-features.c up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/i386-options.c up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/smmintrin.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/i386/t-i386   up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/nvptx/nvptx.c up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/nvptx/nvptx.h up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/nvptx/nvptx.md up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/pa/pa.md      up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/riscv/t-rtems up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/altivec.md up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/mma.md up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000-builtin.def up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000-call.c up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000-logue.c up to 1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000-p8swap.c up to 1.1.1.6
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000-protos.h up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000.c up to 1.32
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000.h up to 1.1.1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rs6000.md up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/rtems.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/t-rtems up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/vector.md up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/rs6000/vsx.md up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/s390/s390.c   up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/config/sparc/sparc.c up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.22
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/constexpr.c       up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/cp-gimplify.c     up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/cp-tree.h         up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/cvt.c             up to 1.1.1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/decl.c            up to 1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/decl2.c           up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/expr.c            up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/friend.c          up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/lambda.c          up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/parser.c          up to 1.1.1.21
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/pt.c              up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/semantics.c       up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/tree.c            up to 1.1.1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/cp/typeck.c          up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/ChangeLog          up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/d-convert.cc       up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/decl.cc            up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/expr.cc            up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/gdc.texi           up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/imports.cc         up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/toir.cc            up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/dmd/dinterpret.c   up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/d/dmd/expressionsem.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/cpp.1            up to 1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/cpp.info         up to 1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/cppinternals.info up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/cppopts.texi     up to 1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/extend.texi      up to 1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/fsf-funding.7    up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/g++.1            up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gcc.1            up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gcc.info         up to 1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gccinstall.info  up to 1.18
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gccint.info      up to 1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gcov-dump.1      up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gcov-tool.1      up to 1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gcov.1           up to 1.17
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gfdl.7           up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gfortran.1       up to 1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/gpl.7            up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/invoke.texi      up to 1.23
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/doc/lto-dump.1       up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/ChangeLog    up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/array.c      up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/check.c      up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/decl.c       up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/dependency.c up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/expr.c       up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c   up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/interface.c  up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/iresolve.c   up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/match.c      up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/parse.c      up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/primary.c    up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/resolve.c    up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/simplify.c   up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/symbol.c     up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/trans-decl.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/trans-expr.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/trans-intrinsic.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/trans-types.c up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/fortran/trans.h      up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/jit/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/lto/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/objc/ChangeLog       up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/gcc/objcp/ChangeLog      up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/include/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/intl/ChangeLog           up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libbacktrace/ChangeLog   up to 1.1.1.19
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libcc1/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libcpp/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libcpp/directives.c      up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libdecnumber/ChangeLog   up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.22
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config.host       up to 1.33
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/darwin10-unwind-find-enc-func.c up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/t-darwin   up to 1.1.1.6
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/t-slibgcc-darwin up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/avr/libf7/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/avr/libf7/libf7-asm.sx up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/i386/cpuinfo.c up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/libbid/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/riscv/div.S up to 1.1.1.7
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgcc/config/riscv/riscv-asm.h up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgfortran/ChangeLog    up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgomp/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgomp/libgomp.info     up to 1.15
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgomp/libgomp.texi     up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgomp/target.c         up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libgomp/task.c           up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libhsail-rt/ChangeLog    up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libiberty/ChangeLog      up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libiberty/strstr.c       up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libobjc/ChangeLog        up to 1.1.1.21
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libphobos/ChangeLog      up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libphobos/src/std/path.d up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libquadmath/ChangeLog    up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libquadmath/libquadmath.info up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libquadmath/strtod/strtod_l.c up to 1.1.1.2
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libsanitizer/ChangeLog   up to 1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libsanitizer/configure.tgt up to 1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libssp/ChangeLog         up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog   up to 1.1.1.22
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/config/os/gnu-linux/os_defines.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/doxygen/user.cfg.in up to 1.1.1.7
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/bk02.html up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/api.html up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/ext_demangling.html up to 1.1.1.7
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/extensions.html up to 1.1.1.6
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/html/manual/index.html up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/authors.xml up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/evolution.xml up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/extensions.xml up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/spine.xml up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.am up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/Makefile.in up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/fs_path.h up to 1.1.1.6
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/gslice_array.h up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/indirect_array.h up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/list.tcc up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/mask_array.h up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/range_access.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.h up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex.tcc up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_automaton.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.h up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_compiler.tcc up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_error.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_executor.tcc up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_scanner.h up to 1.1.1.11
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/regex_scanner.tcc up to 1.1.1.10
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/shared_ptr_base.h up to 1.1.1.16
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/slice_array.h up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_iterator.h up to 1.1.1.14
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/stl_uninitialized.h up to 1.1.1.13
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/experimental/numeric up to 1.1.1.8
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/experimental/optional up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/any up to 1.1.1.9
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/memory up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/numeric up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/ranges up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/span up to 1.1.1.3
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/include/std/valarray up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/python/libstdcxx/v6/xmethods.py up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/thread.cc up to 1.1.1.12
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/libstdc++-v3/src/c++17/fs_path.cc up to 1.1.1.4
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/lto-plugin/ChangeLog     up to 1.1.1.20
	external/gpl3/gcc/dist/maintainer-scripts/ChangeLog up to 1.1.1.21

Import gcc 10.5.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
@


1.1.1.14
log
@initial import of GCC 10.5.0.

(we plan to import 12.3 soon as well, this is mostly so it can be pulled up
to netbsd-10 branch more easily.)

the list of PR's fixed since 10.4.0 can be found here:

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=RESOLVED&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=10.5

which includes 3 C, 25 C++, 4 debug, 17 libstdc++, and many others for the
internals.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 
@


1.1.1.15
log
@initial import of GCC 12.3.0.

major changes in GCC 11 included:

- The default mode for C++ is now -std=gnu++17 instead of -std=gnu++14.
- When building GCC itself, the host compiler must now support C++11,
  rather than C++98.
- Some short options of the gcov tool have been renamed: -i to -j and
  -j to -H.
- ThreadSanitizer improvements.
- Introduce Hardware-assisted AddressSanitizer support.
- For targets that produce DWARF debugging information GCC now defaults
  to DWARF version 5. This can produce up to 25% more compact debug
  information compared to earlier versions.
- Many optimisations.
- The existing malloc attribute has been extended so that it can be
  used to identify allocator/deallocator API pairs. A pair of new
  -Wmismatched-dealloc and -Wmismatched-new-delete warnings are added.
- Other new warnings:
  -Wsizeof-array-div, enabled by -Wall, warns about divisions of two
    sizeof operators when the first one is applied to an array and the
    divisor does not equal the size of the array element.
  -Wstringop-overread, enabled by default, warns about calls to string
    functions reading past the end of the arrays passed to them as
    arguments.
  -Wtsan, enabled by default, warns about unsupported features in
    ThreadSanitizer (currently std::atomic_thread_fence).
- Enchanced warnings:
  -Wfree-nonheap-object detects many more instances of calls to
    deallocation functions with pointers not returned from a dynamic
    memory allocation function.
  -Wmaybe-uninitialized diagnoses passing pointers or references to
    uninitialized memory to functions taking const-qualified arguments.
  -Wuninitialized detects reads from uninitialized dynamically
    allocated memory.
  -Warray-parameter warns about functions with inconsistent array forms.
  -Wvla-parameter warns about functions with inconsistent VLA forms.
- Several new features from the upcoming C2X revision of the ISO C
  standard are supported with -std=c2x and -std=gnu2x.
- Several C++20 features have been implemented.
- The C++ front end has experimental support for some of the upcoming
  C++23 draft.
- Several new C++ warnings.
- Enhanced Arm, AArch64, x86, and RISC-V CPU support.
- The implementation of how program state is tracked within
  -fanalyzer has been completely rewritten with many enhancements.

see https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-11/changes.html for a full list.

major changes in GCC 12 include:

- An ABI incompatibility between C and C++ when passing or returning
  by value certain aggregates containing zero width bit-fields has
  been discovered on various targets. x86-64, ARM and AArch64
  will always ignore them (so there is a C ABI incompatibility
  between GCC 11 and earlier with GCC 12 or later), PowerPC64 ELFv2
  always take them into account (so there is a C++ ABI
  incompatibility, GCC 4.4 and earlier compatible with GCC 12 or
  later, incompatible with GCC 4.5 through GCC 11). RISC-V has
  changed the handling of these already starting with GCC 10. As
  the ABI requires, MIPS takes them into account handling function
  return values so there is a C++ ABI incompatibility with GCC 4.5
  through 11.
- STABS: Support for emitting the STABS debugging format is
  deprecated and will be removed in the next release. All ports now
  default to emit DWARF (version 2 or later) debugging info or are
  obsoleted.
- Vectorization is enabled at -O2 which is now equivalent to the
  original -O2 -ftree-vectorize -fvect-cost-model=very-cheap.
- GCC now supports the ShadowCallStack sanitizer.
- Support for __builtin_shufflevector compatible with the clang
  language extension was added.
- Support for attribute unavailable was added.
- Support for __builtin_dynamic_object_size compatible with the
  clang language extension was added.
- New warnings:
  -Wbidi-chars warns about potentially misleading UTF-8
    bidirectional control characters.
  -Warray-compare warns about comparisons between two operands of
    array type.
- Some new features from the upcoming C2X revision of the ISO C
  standard are supported with -std=c2x and -std=gnu2x.
- Several C++23 features have been implemented.
- Many C++ enhancements across warnings and -f options.

see https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-12/changes.html for a full list.
@
text
@d7 1
a7 1
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2023">C++ 2023</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_72"><code class="constant">7.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_91"><code class="constant">9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_101"><code class="constant">10</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_111"><code class="constant">11</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_121"><code class="constant">12</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_123"><code class="constant">12.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>21.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>21.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>21.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>21.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>21.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>21.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>21.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>21.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_features">C++ 2017 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.par2ts_simd_support">Support for Extended ABI Tags</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.cxx20_features">C++ 2020 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.10. <a href="status.html#table.cxx23_features">C++ 2023 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.11. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.12. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.13. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_headers">C++ 2020 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_deprheaders">C++ 2020 Obsolete Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.19. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>20.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>21.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>21.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>21.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>21.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>21.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
@


1.1.1.16
log
@initial import of GCC 14.3.0.

major changes in GCC 13:
- improved sanitizer
- zstd debug info compression
- LTO improvements
- SARIF based diagnostic support
- new warnings: -Wxor-used-as-pow, -Wenum-int-mismatch, -Wself-move,
  -Wdangling-reference
- many new -Wanalyzer* specific warnings
- enhanced warnings: -Wpessimizing-move, -Wredundant-move
- new attributes to mark file descriptors, c++23 "assume"
- several C23 features added
- several C++23 features added
- many new features for Arm, x86, RISC-V

major changes in GCC 14:
- more strict C99 or newer support
- ia64* marked deprecated (but seemingly still in GCC 15.)
- several new hardening features
- support for "hardbool", which can have user supplied values of true/false
- explicit support for stack scrubbing upon function exit
- better auto-vectorisation support
- added clang-compatible __has_feature and __has_extension
- more C23, including -std=c23
- several C++26 features added
- better diagnostics in C++ templates
- new warnings: -Wnrvo, Welaborated-enum-base
- many new features for Arm, x86, RISC-V
- possible ABI breaking change for SPARC64 and small structures with arrays
  of floats.
@
text
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2014">C++ 2014</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2014.filesystemts">Filesystem TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2017">C++ 2017</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2017.par2ts">Parallelism 2 TS</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2020">C++ 2020</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2023">C++ 2023</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.specfun">C++ IS 29124</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.specfun.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html">Dual ABI</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dual_abi.html#manual.intro.using.abi.trouble">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.experimental">Experimental Library Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.alloc">Memory allocation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory.mtalloc">Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
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</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.version">Shared Library Versioning</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.generated">Generated files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Test Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.examples">Examples of Test Directives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#tests.dg.directives">Directives Specific to Libstdc++ Tests</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">DejaGnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
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</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_460"><code class="constant">4.6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_470"><code class="constant">4.7</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_480"><code class="constant">4.8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_490"><code class="constant">4.9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_51"><code class="constant">5</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_53"><code class="constant">5.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_61"><code class="constant">6</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_71"><code class="constant">7</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_72"><code class="constant">7.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_73"><code class="constant">7.3</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_81"><code class="constant">8</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_91"><code class="constant">9</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_101"><code class="constant">10</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_111"><code class="constant">11</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_121"><code class="constant">12</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_123"><code class="constant">12.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_131"><code class="constant">13</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_133"><code class="constant">13.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_141"><code class="constant">14</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
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		diagram</a></dt><dt>21.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.5">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.8">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>21.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.3">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.8">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>21.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.10">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>21.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.3.3.2.11.20">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>21.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.2.10">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>21.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.4.3.3.5">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>21.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.3">A simple list</a></dt><dt>21.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.5.3.3.6">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>21.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.3.3">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>21.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.6.3.4.4">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#fig.build_hacking.deps">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#table.cxx98_status">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#table.cxx11_status">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#table.cxx14_status">C++ 2014 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#table.ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_features">C++ 2017 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_status">C++ 2017 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="status.html#table.cxx17_ts_status">C++ Technical Specifications Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="status.html#table.par2ts_simd_support">Support for Extended ABI Tags</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="status.html#table.cxx20_features">C++ 2020 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.10. <a href="status.html#table.cxx23_features">C++ 2023 Library Features</a></dt><dt>1.11. <a href="status.html#table.tr1_status">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.12. <a href="status.html#table.decfp_status">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.13. <a href="status.html#table.specfun_status">C++ Special Functions Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#table.cmd_options">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_headers">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_cheaders">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx98_deprheaders">C++ 1998 Deprecated Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_headers">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx11_cheaders">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx14_headers">C++ 2014 Library Header</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx17_headers">C++ 2017 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_headers">C++ 2020 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx20_deprheaders">C++ 2020 Obsolete Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx23_headers">C++ 2023 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#table.cxx26_headers">C++ 2026 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#table.filesystemts_headers">File System TS Header</a></dt><dt>3.14. <a href="using_headers.html#table.libfundts_headers">Library Fundamentals TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.15. <a href="using_headers.html#table.networkingts_headers">Networking TS Headers</a></dt><dt>3.16. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_headers">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.17. <a href="using_headers.html#table.tr1_cheaders">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.18. <a href="using_headers.html#table.decfp_headers">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.19. <a href="using_headers.html#table.abi_headers">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.20. <a href="using_headers.html#table.ext_headers">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.21. <a href="using_headers.html#table.debug_headers">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.22. <a href="using_headers.html#table.parallel_headers">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#table.debug_mode_containers_cxx11">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#table.parallel_algos">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>20.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#table.bitmap_alloc">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_prereq">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.doxygen_cmp">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_prereq">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_cmp">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#table.docbook_elem">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#table.extension_allocators2">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>21.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.2.15">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>21.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.3">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>21.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.9">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>21.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.3.11">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>21.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#id-1.3.5.8.4.4.2.3.2.4.7">
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 
      <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
    </p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I. 
  Introduction
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
    Standard Contents
  </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4. 
  Support
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5. 
  Diagnostics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6. 
  Utilities
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001611968">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001608416">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001595120">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270000019344">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999996832">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999989536">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999974912">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999958496">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999954912">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7. 
  Strings
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8. 
  Localization
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idm269999753024">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9. 
  Containers
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10. 
  Iterators
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11. 
  Algorithms
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12. 
  Numerics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13. 
  Input and Output
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="atomics.html">14. 
  Atomics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15. 
  Concurrency
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="extensions.html">III. 
  Extensions
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="ext_preface.html"></a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_compile_checks.html">16. Compile Time Checks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="debug_mode.html">17. Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
    debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="profile_mode.html">19. Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.using">Using the Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.tuning">Tuning the Profile Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper">Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.rtlib">Run Time Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.analysis">Analysis and Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.cost-model">Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.reports">Reports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.testing">Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_api.html">Extensions for Custom Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Empirical Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html">Implementation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack">Stack Traces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols">Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib">Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks">Malloc Hooks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction">Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html">Developer Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic">Big Picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto">How To Add A Diagnostic</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html">Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template">Diagnostic Template</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers">Containers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small">Hashtable Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large">Hashtable Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash">Inefficient Hash</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small">Vector Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large">Vector Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable">Vector to Hashtable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector">Hashtable to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list">Vector to List</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector">List to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_slist">List to Forward List (Slist)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord">Ordered to Unordered Associative Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms">Algorithms</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort">Sort Algorithm Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality">Data Locality</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch">Need Software Prefetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked">Linked Structure Locality</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread">Multithreaded Data Access</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.ddtest">Data Dependence Violations at Container Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share">False Sharing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.statistics">Statistics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="profile_mode.html#profile_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mt_allocator.html">20. The mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">21. The bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="policy_data_structures.html">22. Policy-Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
	    Configuring via Template Parameters
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.traits">
	    Querying Container Attributes
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.point_range_iteration">
	    Point and Range Iteration
	  </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.basic">Intermediate Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.query">Querying with <code class="classname">container_traits</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container">By Container Method</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts">Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.null_type">Null Policy Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.associative_semantics">Map and Set Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.set_vs_map">
	    Distinguishing Between Maps and Sets
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.multi">Alternatives to <code class="classname">std::multiset</code> and <code class="classname">std::multimap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.iterator_semantics">Iterator Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.point_and_range">Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.both">Distinguishing Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.invalidation">Invalidation Guarantees</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.genericity">Genericity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.tag">Tag</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.traits">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container">By Container</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.hash">hash</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.tree">tree</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.trie">Trie</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.list">List</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.regression">Regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance">Performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_find">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_insert">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.zlob_int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code> with Skewed-Distribution
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.erase_mem">
	  Erase Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_insert">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_lor_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Locality-of-Reference
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.split_join">
	  <code class="function">split</code> and <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.order_statistics">
	  Order-Statistics
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap">Multimap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_small">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_large">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Large Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code> and <code class="function">pop</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push_pop">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">pop</code> Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_join">
	  Text <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_up">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Up
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_down">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Down
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">23. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">24. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">25. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">26. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">27. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">28. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">29. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">30. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV. 
  Appendices
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_contributing.html">A. 
  Contributing
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_porting.html">B. 
  Porting and Maintenance
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Test</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">Dejagnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
  Qualifying Exception Safety Guarantees
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.status">
    Existing tests
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.containers">
C++11 Requirements Test Sequence Descriptions
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.at">No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.eof">No <code class="code">std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringclear">No <code class="code">string::clear</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.ostreamform_istreamscan">
  Removal of <code class="code">ostream::form</code> and <code class="code">istream::scan</code>
  extensions
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.streamattach">
No <code class="code">stream::attach(int fd)</code>
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx98">
Support for C++98 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_tr1">
Support for C++TR1 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx11">
Support for C++11 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.iterator_type">
  <code class="code">Container::iterator_type</code> is not necessarily <code class="code">Container::value_type*</code>
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_free.html">C. 
  Free Software Needs Free Documentation
  
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gpl.html">D. 
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997917584">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997910864">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997879168">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997864256">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997855056">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997787392">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#idm269997724688">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997530416">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>22.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
	    Effect of embedded lists in
	    <code class="classname">std::multimap</code>
	  </a></dt><dt>22.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997506912">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>22.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997487104">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997473760">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997443664">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997403584">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
	      range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>22.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997339216">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997332160">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>22.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997315408">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>22.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997296368">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>22.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997265648">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997257872">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997253712">Standard resize policy size sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997175616">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997166176">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997153072">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997141408">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997133232">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997110976">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997066288">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997055856">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997025344">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997019760">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996955920">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996920880">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#idm269993497120">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#idm270008034928">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#idm270007982624">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#idm270006687472">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#idm270002960368">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#idm270002481088">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002453792">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002417312">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002392576">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002341136">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002311248">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002294320">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002273248">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002267728">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002261328">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002225600">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002210832">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002197456">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269999040896">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269998996000">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#idm269998805216">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#idm269998550064">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#idm269998442544">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#idm269998030352">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993370272">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993294592">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993275152">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993197520">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993173376">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#idm269992502096">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#idm269992474464">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997389776">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997383888">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997379376">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997377552">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997367984">
		A Standard String Hash Function
	      </a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997361840">
		Only k String DNA Hash
	      </a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997290864">
		Probability of Probe Sequence of Length k
	      </a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997284096">
		Probability Probe Sequence in Some Bin
	      </a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part I. 
  Introduction
  
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library Manual</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL-NS Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="prev" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="Part I.  Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="manual"></a>The GNU C++ Library Manual</h1></div><div><div class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname"></span> <span class="surname"></span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Paolo</span> <span class="surname">Carlini</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Phil</span> <span class="surname">Edwards</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Doug</span> <span class="surname">Gregor</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Benjamin</span> <span class="surname">Kosnik</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Dhruv</span> <span class="surname">Matani</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jason</span> <span class="surname">Merrill</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mark</span> <span class="surname">Mitchell</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Nathan</span> <span class="surname">Myers</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Felix</span> <span class="surname">Natter</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Stefan</span> <span class="surname">Olsson</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Silvius</span> <span class="surname">Rus</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Johannes</span> <span class="surname">Singler</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Ami</span> <span class="surname">Tavory</span></h3></div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jonathan</span> <span class="surname">Wakely</span></h3></div></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 
      <a class="link" href="http://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF</a>
    </p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="part"><a href="intro.html">I. 
  Introduction
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="status.html">1. Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#manual.intro.status.iso">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.1998">C++ 1998/2003</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.status">Implementation Status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.1998.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.2011">C++ 2011</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.2011.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr1">C++ TR1</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#iso.tr1.specific">Implementation Specific Behavior</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="status.html#status.iso.tr24733">C++ TR 24733</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html">License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.gpl">The Code: GPL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="license.html#manual.intro.status.license.fdl">The Documentation: GPL, FDL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html">Bugs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.impl">Implementation Bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bugs.html#manual.intro.status.bugs.iso">Standard Bugs</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="setup.html">2. Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="setup.html#manual.intro.setup.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="configure.html">Configure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="make.html">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using.html">3. Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using.html#manual.intro.using.flags">Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html">Headers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.all">Header Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.mixing">Mixing Headers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.cheaders">The C Headers and <code class="code">namespace std</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_headers.html#manual.intro.using.headers.pre">Precompiled Headers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_macros.html">Macros</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.all">Available Namespaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.std">namespace std</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_namespaces.html#manual.intro.using.namespaces.comp">Using Namespace Composition</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html">Linking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.freestanding">Almost Nothing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_dynamic_or_shared.html#manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic">Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.atomics">Atomics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.io">IO</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.structure">Structure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.defaults">Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.future">Future</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#concurrency.io.alt">Alternatives</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_concurrency.html#manual.intro.using.concurrency.containers">Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.safety">Exception Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.propagating">Exception Neutrality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.no">Doing without</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#intro.using.exception.compat">Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.c">With <code class="literal">C</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using_exceptions.html#using.exception.compat.posix">With <code class="literal">POSIX</code> thread cancellation</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html">Debugging Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compiler">Using <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.req">Debug Versions of Library Binary Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.memory">Memory Leak Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.races">Data Race Hunting</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.gdb">Using <span class="command"><strong>gdb</strong></span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.exceptions">Tracking uncaught exceptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.debug_mode">Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.compile_time_checks">Compile Time Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug.html#debug.profile_mode">Profile-based Performance Analysis</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="std_contents.html">II. 
    Standard Contents
  </a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="support.html">4. 
  Support
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types">Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.fundamental">Fundamental Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.numeric_limits">Numeric Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="support.html#std.support.types.null">NULL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dynamic_memory.html">Dynamic Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html">Termination</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.handlers">Termination Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="termination.html#support.termination.verbose">Verbose Terminate Handler</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="diagnostics.html">5. 
  Diagnostics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions">Exceptions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.api">API Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="diagnostics.html#std.diagnostics.exceptions.data">Adding Data to <code class="classname">exception</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="concept_checking.html">Concept Checking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="utilities.html">6. 
  Utilities
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="utilities.html#std.util.functors">Functors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="pairs.html">Pairs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html">Memory</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.allocator">Allocators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001611968">Interface Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001608416">Selecting Default Allocation Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270001595120">Disabling Memory Caching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.using">Using a Specific Allocator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.custom">Custom Allocators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#allocator.ext">Extension Allocators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.auto_ptr">auto_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.limitations">Limitations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#auto_ptr.using">Use in Containers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#std.util.memory.shared_ptr">shared_ptr</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.design_issues">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm270000019344">Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999996832">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999989536">Selecting Lock Policy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999974912">Related functions and classes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.using">Use</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999958496">Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#idm269999954912">Unresolved Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="memory.html#shared_ptr.ack">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="traits.html">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="strings.html">7. 
  Strings
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#std.strings.string">String Classes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.simple">Simple Transformations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.case">Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.character_types">Arbitrary Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.token">Tokenizing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.shrink">Shrink to Fit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="strings.html#strings.string.Cstring">CString (MFC)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="localization.html">8. 
  Localization
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales">Locales</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#std.localization.locales.locale">locale</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locale.impl.c">Interacting with "C" locales</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="localization.html#locales.locale.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html">Facets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.ctype">ctype</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#idm269999753024">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.ctype.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#std.localization.facet.codecvt">codecvt</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.wchar_t_size"><span class="type">wchar_t</span> Size</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.unicode">Support for Unicode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#codecvt.design.issues">Other Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.codecvt.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#manual.localization.facet.messages">messages</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.req">Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.models">Models</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#messages.impl.gnu">The GNU Model</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.use">Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="facets.html#facet.messages.future">Future</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="containers.html">9. 
  Containers
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#std.containers.sequences">Sequences</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.list">list</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.list.size">list::size() is O(n)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#containers.sequences.vector">vector</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers.html#sequences.vector.management">Space Overhead Management</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.insert_hints">Insertion Hints</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#containers.associative.bitset">bitset</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.size_variable">Size Variable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="associative.html#associative.bitset.type_string">Type String</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html">Unordered Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.hash">Hash Code</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="unordered_associative.html#containers.unordered.cache">Hash Code Caching Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="containers_and_c.html#containers.c.vs_array">Containers vs. Arrays</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="iterators.html">10. 
  Iterators
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#std.iterators.predefined">Predefined</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.vs_pointers">Iterators vs. Pointers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="iterators.html#iterators.predefined.end">One Past the End</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="algorithms.html">11. 
  Algorithms
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#std.algorithms.mutating">Mutating</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.mutating.swap"><code class="function">swap</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="algorithms.html#algorithms.swap.specializations">Specializations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="numerics.html">12. 
  Numerics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="io.html">13. 
  Input and Output
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io.html#std.io.objects">Iostream Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html">Stream Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.derived">Derived streambuf Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="streambufs.html#io.streambuf.buffering">Buffering</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html">Memory Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stringstreams.html#std.io.memstreams.compat">Compatibility With strstream</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html">File Based Streams</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.copying_a_file">Copying a File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary">Binary Input and Output</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.FILE">Using FILE* and file descriptors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="io_and_c.html#std.io.c.sync">Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="atomics.html">14. 
  Atomics
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="atomics.html#std.atomics.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="concurrency.html">15. 
  Concurrency
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="concurrency.html#std.concurrency.api">API Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="extensions.html">III. 
  Extensions
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="ext_preface.html"></a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_compile_checks.html">16. Compile Time Checks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="debug_mode.html">17. Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode.html#manual.ext.debug_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.mode">Using the Debug Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_using.html#debug_mode.using.specific">Using a Specific Debug Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods">Methods</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.wrappers">The Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_iter">Safe Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.safe_seq">Safe Sequences (Containers)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.precond">Precondition Checking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.methods.coexistence">Release- and debug-mode coexistence</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.compile">Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.link">Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and
    debug-mode components</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#methods.coexistence.alt">Alternatives for Coexistence</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="debug_mode_design.html#debug_mode.design.other">Other Implementations</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="parallel_mode.html">18. Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode.html#manual.ext.parallel_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_semantics.html">Semantics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.prereq_flags">Prerequisite Compiler Flags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.parallel_mode">Using Parallel Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_using.html#parallel_mode.using.specific">Using Specific Parallel Components</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.intro">Interface Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning">Configuration and Tuning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.omp">Setting up the OpenMP Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.compile">Compile Time Switches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.tuning.settings">Run Time Settings and Defaults</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_design.html#parallel_mode.design.impl">Implementation Namespaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="parallel_mode_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="parallel_mode.html#parallel_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="profile_mode.html">19. Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.using">Using the Profile Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.tuning">Tuning the Profile Mode</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.wrapper">Wrapper Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.rtlib">Run Time Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.analysis">Analysis and Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.cost-model">Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.reports">Reports</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_design.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.design.testing">Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_api.html">Extensions for Custom Containers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_cost_model.html">Empirical Cost Model</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html">Implementation Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stack">Stack Traces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.symbols">Symbolization of Instruction Addresses</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.concurrency">Concurrency</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.stdlib-in-proflib">Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.malloc-hooks">Malloc Hooks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_impl.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.implementation.construction-destruction">Construction and Destruction of Global Objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html">Developer Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.bigpic">Big Picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_devel.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.developer.howto">How To Add A Diagnostic</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html">Diagnostics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.template">Diagnostic Template</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.containers">Containers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_small">Hashtable Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_too_large">Hashtable Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.inefficient_hash">Inefficient Hash</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_small">Vector Too Small</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_too_large">Vector Too Large</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_hashtable">Vector to Hashtable</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.hashtable_to_vector">Hashtable to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.vector_to_list">Vector to List</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_vector">List to Vector</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.list_to_slist">List to Forward List (Slist)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.assoc_ord_to_unord">Ordered to Unordered Associative Container</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms">Algorithms</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.algorithms.sort">Sort Algorithm Performance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality">Data Locality</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.sw_prefetch">Need Software Prefetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.locality.linked">Linked Structure Locality</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread">Multithreaded Data Access</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.ddtest">Data Dependence Violations at Container Level</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.mthread.false_share">False Sharing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#manual.ext.profile_mode.analysis.statistics">Statistics</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="profile_mode.html#profile_mode.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mt_allocator.html">20. The mt_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator.html#allocator.mt.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html">Design Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_design.html#allocator.mt.overview">Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.tune">Tunable Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.init">Initialization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_impl.html#allocator.mt.deallocation">Deallocation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_single.html">Single Thread Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mt_allocator_ex_multi.html">Multiple Thread Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html">21. The bitmap_allocator</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator.html#allocator.bitmap.design">Design</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.free_list_store">Free List Store</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block">Super Block</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.super_block_data">Super Block Data Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.max_wasted">Maximum Wasted Percentage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.allocate"><code class="function">allocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.deallocate"><code class="function">deallocate</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.questions">Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.1">1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.2">2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.question.3">3</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.locality">Locality</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#bitmap.impl.grow_policy">Overhead and Grow Policy</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="policy_data_structures.html">22. Policy-Based Data Structures</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro">Intro</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues">Performance Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.issues.priority_queue">Priority Que</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation">Goals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.iterators">Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.associative.functions">Functional</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.intro.motivation.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.policy">Policy Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.underlying">Underlying Data Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#motivation.priority_queue.binary_heap">Binary Heaps</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Using</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial">Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.basic">Basic Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.configuring">
	    Configuring via Template Parameters
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.traits">
	    Querying Container Attributes
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.tutorial.point_range_iteration">
	    Point and Range Iteration
	  </a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.basic">Intermediate Use</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.query">Querying with <code class="classname">container_traits</code> </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container">By Container Method</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#pbds.using.examples.container.priority_queue">Priority Queues</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts">Concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.null_type">Null Policy Classes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.associative_semantics">Map and Set Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.set_vs_map">
	    Distinguishing Between Maps and Sets
	  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.associative_semantics.multi">Alternatives to <code class="classname">std::multiset</code> and <code class="classname">std::multimap</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.iterator_semantics">Iterator Semantics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.point_and_range">Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.iterator_semantics.both">Distinguishing Point and Range Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.invalidation">Invalidation Guarantees</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.concepts.genericity">Genericity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.tag">Tag</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#concepts.genericity.traits">Traits</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container">By Container</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.hash">hash</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.hash.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.tree">tree</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.tree.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.trie">Trie</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.trie.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.list">List</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.list.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#pbds.design.container.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.interface">Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#container.priority_queue.details">Details</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.regression">Regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance">Performance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash">Hash-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_find">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.int_subscript_insert">
	  Integer Subscript <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.zlob_int_find">
	  Integer <code class="function">find</code> with Skewed-Distribution
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.hash.erase_mem">
	  Erase Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch">Branch-Based</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_insert">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.text_lor_find">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Locality-of-Reference
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.split_join">
	  <code class="function">split</code> and <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.branch.order_statistics">
	  Order-Statistics
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap">Multimap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_small">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_find_large">
	  Text <code class="function">find</code> with Large Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios 
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_small">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.multimap.text_insert_mem_large">
	  Text <code class="function">insert</code> with Small
	  Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue">Priority Queue</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_push_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">push</code> and <code class="function">pop</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.int_push_pop">
	  Integer <code class="function">push</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_pop">
	  Text <code class="function">pop</code> Memory Use
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_join">
	  Text <code class="function">join</code>
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_up">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Up
	</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#performance.priority_queue.text_modify_down">
	  Text <code class="function">modify</code> Down
	</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#pbds.test.performance.observations">Observations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.associative">Associative</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_based_data_structures_test.html#observations.priority_queue">Priority_Queue</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="policy_data_structures_ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="policy_data_structures.html#pbds.biblio">Bibliography</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_containers.html">23. HP/SGI Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_containers.html#manual.ext.containers.sgi">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_sgi.html">Deprecated</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_utilities.html">24. Utilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_algorithms.html">25. Algorithms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_numerics.html">26. Numerics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_iterators.html">27. Iterators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_io.html">28. Input and Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_io.html#manual.ext.io.filebuf_derived">Derived filebufs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_demangling.html">29. Demangling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ext_concurrency.html">30. Concurrency</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design">Design</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.threads">Interface to Locks and Mutexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency.html#manual.ext.concurrency.design.atomics">Interface to Atomic Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.atomic_fallbacks">Using Builtin Atomic Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_impl.html#manual.ext.concurrency.impl.thread">Thread Abstraction</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ext_concurrency_use.html">Use</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="appendix.html">IV. 
  Appendices
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_contributing.html">A. 
  Contributing
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#contrib.list">Contributor Checklist</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.reading">Reading</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.copyright">Assignment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.getting">Getting Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_contributing.html#list.patches">Submitting Patches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_organization.html">Directory Layout and Source Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html">Coding Style</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.bad_identifiers">Bad Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_code_style.html#coding_style.example">By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="source_design_notes.html">Design Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_porting.html">B. 
  Porting and Maintenance
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#appendix.porting.build_hacking">Configure and Build Hacking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.basic">General Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.overview.map">What Comes from Where</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure">Configure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.scripts">Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.conventions">Coding and Commenting Conventions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.acinclude">The acinclude.m4 layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.configure.enable"><code class="constant">GLIBCXX_ENABLE</code>, the <code class="literal">--enable</code> maker</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="appendix_porting.html#build_hacking.make">Make</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html">Writing and Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.generation">Generating Documentation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.doxygen">Doxygen</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.rules">Generating the Doxygen Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doxygen.markup">Markup</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#doc.docbook">Docbook</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.rules">Generating the DocBook Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.debug">Debugging Generation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.validation">Editing and Validation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.examples">File Organization and Basics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="documentation_hacking.html#docbook.markup">Markup By Example</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html">Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.os">Operating System</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.cpu">CPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.char_types">Character Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.thread_safety">Thread Safety</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.numeric_limits">Numeric Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internals.html#internals.libtool">Libtool</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html">Test</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization">Organization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.layout">Directory Layout</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.organization.naming">Naming Conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run">Running the Testsuite</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.basic">Basic</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.variations">Variations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.run.permutations">Permutations</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.new_tests">Writing a new test case</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness">Test Harness and Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.dejagnu">Dejagnu Harness Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.harness.utils">Utilities</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.special">Special Topics</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety">
  Qualifying Exception Safety Guarantees
  
</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.overview">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.status">
    Existing tests
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="test.html#test.exception.safety.containers">
C++11 Requirements Test Sequence Descriptions
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html">ABI Policy and Guidelines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.cxx_interface">The C++ Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning">Versioning</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.goals">Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.history">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.prereq">Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.config">Configuring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.versioning.active">Checking Active</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_allowed">Allowed Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.changes_no">Prohibited Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.impl">Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing">Testing</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.single">Single ABI Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.testing.multi">Multiple ABI Testing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="abi.html#abi.issues">Outstanding Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html">API Evolution and Deprecation History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_300"><code class="constant">3.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_310"><code class="constant">3.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_320"><code class="constant">3.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_330"><code class="constant">3.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_340"><code class="constant">3.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_400"><code class="constant">4.0</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_410"><code class="constant">4.1</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_420"><code class="constant">4.2</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_430"><code class="constant">4.3</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_440"><code class="constant">4.4</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="api.html#api.rel_450"><code class="constant">4.5</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html">Backwards Compatibility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first">First</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.ios_base">No <code class="code">ios_base</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.first.cout_cin">No <code class="code">cout</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;ostream.h&gt;</code>, no <code class="code">cin</code> in <code class="filename">&lt;istream.h&gt;</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second">Second</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.std">Namespace <code class="code">std::</code> not supported</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iterators">Illegal iterator usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.isspace"><code class="code">isspace</code> from <code class="filename">&lt;cctype&gt;</code> is a macro
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.at">No <code class="code">vector::at</code>, <code class="code">deque::at</code>, <code class="code">string::at</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.eof">No <code class="code">std::char_traits&lt;char&gt;::eof</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringclear">No <code class="code">string::clear</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.ostreamform_istreamscan">
  Removal of <code class="code">ostream::form</code> and <code class="code">istream::scan</code>
  extensions
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.stringstreams">No <code class="code">basic_stringbuf</code>, <code class="code">basic_stringstream</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.wchar">Little or no wide character support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.iostream_templates">No templatized iostreams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.second.thread_safety">Thread safety issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third">Third</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.headers">Pre-ISO headers moved to backwards or removed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.hash">Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.nocreate_noreplace">No <code class="code">ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace</code>.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.streamattach">
No <code class="code">stream::attach(int fd)</code>
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx98">
Support for C++98 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_tr1">
Support for C++TR1 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.support_cxx11">
Support for C++11 dialect.
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="backwards.html#backwards.third.iterator_type">
  <code class="code">Container::iterator_type</code> is not necessarily <code class="code">Container::value_type*</code>
</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_free.html">C. 
  Free Software Needs Free Documentation
  
</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gpl.html">D. 
    <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
  </a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="appendix_gfdl.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><strong>List of Figures</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997917584">Node Invariants</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997910864">Underlying Associative Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997879168">Range Iteration in Different Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997864256">Point Iteration in Hash Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997855056">Effect of erase in different underlying data structures</a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures.html#idm269997787392">Underlying Priority Queue Data Structures</a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_using.html#idm269997724688">Exception Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997530416">Non-unique Mapping Standard Containers</a></dt><dt>22.9. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#fig.pbds_embedded_lists_2">
	    Effect of embedded lists in
	    <code class="classname">std::multimap</code>
	  </a></dt><dt>22.10. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997506912">Non-unique Mapping Containers</a></dt><dt>22.11. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997487104">Point Iterator Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.12. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997473760">Invalidation Guarantee Tags Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.13. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997443664">Container Tag Hierarchy</a></dt><dt>22.14. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997403584">Hash functions, ranged-hash functions, and
	      range-hashing functions</a></dt><dt>22.15. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997339216">Insert hash sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.16. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997332160">Insert hash sequence diagram with a null policy</a></dt><dt>22.17. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997315408">Hash policy class diagram</a></dt><dt>22.18. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997296368">Balls and bins</a></dt><dt>22.19. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997265648">Insert resize sequence diagram</a></dt><dt>22.20. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997257872">Standard resize policy trigger sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.21. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997253712">Standard resize policy size sequence
		diagram</a></dt><dt>22.22. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997175616">Tree node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.23. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997166176">Tree node invalidation</a></dt><dt>22.24. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997153072">A tree and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.25. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997141408">Restoring node invariants</a></dt><dt>22.26. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997133232">Insert update sequence</a></dt><dt>22.27. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997110976">Useless update path</a></dt><dt>22.28. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997066288">A PATRICIA trie</a></dt><dt>22.29. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997055856">A trie and its update policy</a></dt><dt>22.30. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997025344">A simple list</a></dt><dt>22.31. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997019760">The counter algorithm</a></dt><dt>22.32. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996955920">Underlying Priority-Queue Data-Structures.</a></dt><dt>22.33. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269996920880">Priority-Queue Data-Structure Tags.</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="appendix_porting.html#idm269993497120">Configure and Build File Dependencies</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><strong>List of Tables</strong></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="status.html#idm270008034928">C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="status.html#idm270007982624">C++ 2011 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="status.html#idm270006687472">C++ TR1 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="status.html#idm270002960368">C++ TR 24733 Implementation Status</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="using.html#idm270002481088">C++ Command Options</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002453792">C++ 1998 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002417312">C++ 1998 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002392576">C++ 2011 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002341136">C++ 2011 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002311248">C++ TR 1 Library Headers</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002294320">C++ TR 1 Library Headers for C Library Facilities</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002273248">C++ TR 24733 Decimal Floating-Point Header</a></dt><dt>3.9. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002267728">C++ ABI Headers</a></dt><dt>3.10. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002261328">Extension Headers</a></dt><dt>3.11. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002225600">Extension Debug Headers</a></dt><dt>3.12. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002210832">Extension Profile Headers</a></dt><dt>3.13. <a href="using_headers.html#idm270002197456">Extension Parallel Headers</a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269999040896">Debugging Containers</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="debug_mode_using.html#idm269998996000">Debugging Containers C++11</a></dt><dt>18.1. <a href="parallel_mode_using.html#idm269998805216">Parallel Algorithms</a></dt><dt>19.1. <a href="profile_mode_design.html#idm269998550064">Profile Code Location</a></dt><dt>19.2. <a href="profile_mode_diagnostics.html#idm269998442544">Profile Diagnostics</a></dt><dt>21.1. <a href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html#idm269998030352">Bitmap Allocator Memory Map</a></dt><dt>B.1. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993370272">Doxygen Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.2. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993294592">HTML to Doxygen Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.3. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993275152">Docbook Prerequisites</a></dt><dt>B.4. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993197520">HTML to Docbook XML Markup Comparison</a></dt><dt>B.5. <a href="documentation_hacking.html#idm269993173376">Docbook XML Element Use</a></dt><dt>B.6. <a href="api.html#idm269992502096">Extension Allocators</a></dt><dt>B.7. <a href="api.html#idm269992474464">Extension Allocators Continued</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-equations"><p><strong>List of Equations</strong></p><dl><dt>22.1. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997389776">Ranged Hash Function</a></dt><dt>22.2. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997383888">Range-Hashing, Division Method</a></dt><dt>22.3. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997379376">Division via Prime Modulo</a></dt><dt>22.4. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997377552">Division via Bit Mask</a></dt><dt>22.5. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997367984">
		A Standard String Hash Function
	      </a></dt><dt>22.6. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997361840">
		Only k String DNA Hash
	      </a></dt><dt>22.7. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997290864">
		Probability of Probe Sequence of Length k
	      </a></dt><dt>22.8. <a href="policy_data_structures_design.html#idm269997284096">
		Probability Probe Sequence in Some Bin
	      </a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../index.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="intro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">The GNU C++ Library </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part I. 
  Introduction
  
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