NAMED.CONF(5) | BIND 9 | NAMED.CONF(5)

# NAME

named.conf - configuration file for **named**

# SYNOPSIS

named.conf

# DESCRIPTION

named.conf is the configuration file for named.

For complete documentation about the configuration statements, please refer to the Configuration Reference section in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.

Statements are enclosed in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual comment styles are supported:

C style: /* */

C++ style: // to end of line

Unix style: # to end of line

    acl <string> { <address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    controls {
    	inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] allow { <address_match_element>; ... } [ keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only <boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
    	unix <quoted_string> perm <integer> owner <integer> group <integer> [ keys { <string>; ... } ] [ read-only <boolean> ]; // may occur multiple times
    }; // may occur multiple times
    dlz <string> {
    	database <string>;
    	search <boolean>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    dnssec-policy <string> {
    	cdnskey <boolean>;
    	cds-digest-types { <string>; ... };
    	dnskey-ttl <duration>;
    	inline-signing <boolean>;
    	keys { ( csk | ksk | zsk ) [ key-directory | key-store <string> ] lifetime <duration_or_unlimited> algorithm <string> [ tag-range <integer> <integer> ] [ <integer> ]; ... };
    	manual-mode <boolean>;
    	max-zone-ttl <duration>;
    	nsec3param [ iterations <integer> ] [ optout <boolean> ] [ salt-length <integer> ];
    	offline-ksk <boolean>;
    	parent-ds-ttl <duration>;
    	parent-propagation-delay <duration>;
    	publish-safety <duration>;
    	purge-keys <duration>;
    	retire-safety <duration>;
    	signatures-jitter <duration>;
    	signatures-refresh <duration>;
    	signatures-validity <duration>;
    	signatures-validity-dnskey <duration>;
    	zone-propagation-delay <duration>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    dyndb <string> <quoted_string> { <unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
    http <string> {
    	endpoints { <quoted_string>; ... };
    	listener-clients <integer>;
    	streams-per-connection <integer>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    key <string> {
    	algorithm <string>;
    	secret <string>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    key-store <string> {
    	directory <string>;
    	pkcs11-uri <quoted_string>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    logging {
    	category <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	channel <string> {
    		buffered <boolean>;
    		file <quoted_string> [ versions ( unlimited | <integer> ) ] [ size <size> ] [ suffix ( increment | timestamp ) ];
    		null;
    		print-category <boolean>;
    		print-severity <boolean>;
    		print-time ( iso8601 | iso8601-utc | local | <boolean> );
    		severity <log_severity>;
    		stderr;
    		syslog [ <syslog_facility> ];
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    };
    managed-keys { <string> ( static-key | initial-key | static-ds | initial-ds ) <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    options {
    	allow-new-zones <boolean>;
    	allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-proxy { <address_match_element>; ... }; // experimental
    	allow-proxy-on { <address_match_element>; ... }; // experimental
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] [ transport <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	answer-cookie <boolean>;
    	attach-cache <string>;
    	auth-nxdomain <boolean>;
    	automatic-interface-scan <boolean>;
    	avoid-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... }; // deprecated
    	avoid-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... }; // deprecated
    	bindkeys-file <quoted_string>; // test only
    	blackhole { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	catalog-zones { zone <string> [ default-primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [ in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ]; ... };
    	check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-integrity <boolean>;
    	check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-names ( primary | master | secondary | slave | response ) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
    	check-sibling <boolean>;
    	check-spf ( warn | ignore );
    	check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-svcb <boolean>;
    	check-wildcard <boolean>;
    	clients-per-query <integer>;
    	cookie-algorithm ( siphash24 );
    	cookie-secret <string>; // may occur multiple times
    	deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [ except-from { <string>; ... } ];
    	deny-answer-aliases { <string>; ... } [ except-from { <string>; ... } ];
    	dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> ); // deprecated
    	directory <quoted_string>;
    	disable-algorithms <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
    	dns64 <netprefix> {
    		break-dnssec <boolean>;
    		clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		recursive-only <boolean>;
    		suffix <ipv6_address>;
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    	dns64-contact <string>;
    	dns64-server <string>;
    	dnskey-sig-validity <integer>; // obsolete
    	dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
    	dnsrps-library <quoted_string>; // not configured
    	dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
    	dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
    	dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
    	dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    	dnssec-policy <string>;
    	dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign ); // obsolete
    	dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
    	dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder | resolver | update ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
    	dnstap-identity ( <quoted_string> | none | hostname ); // not configured
    	dnstap-output ( file | unix ) <quoted_string> [ size ( unlimited | <size> ) ] [ versions ( unlimited | <integer> ) ] [ suffix ( increment | timestamp ) ]; // not configured
    	dnstap-version ( <quoted_string> | none ); // not configured
    	dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ); ... };
    	dump-file <quoted_string>;
    	edns-udp-size <integer>;
    	empty-contact <string>;
    	empty-server <string>;
    	empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
    	fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
    	fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
    	fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
    	flush-zones-on-shutdown <boolean>;
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	fstrm-set-buffer-hint <integer>; // not configured
    	fstrm-set-flush-timeout <integer>; // not configured
    	fstrm-set-input-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
    	fstrm-set-output-notify-threshold <integer>; // not configured
    	fstrm-set-output-queue-model ( mpsc | spsc ); // not configured
    	fstrm-set-output-queue-size <integer>; // not configured
    	fstrm-set-reopen-interval <duration>; // not configured
    	geoip-directory ( <quoted_string> | none );
    	heartbeat-interval <integer>; // deprecated
    	hostname ( <quoted_string> | none );
    	http-listener-clients <integer>;
    	http-port <integer>;
    	http-streams-per-connection <integer>;
    	https-port <integer>;
    	interface-interval <duration>;
    	ipv4only-contact <string>;
    	ipv4only-enable <boolean>;
    	ipv4only-server <string>;
    	ixfr-from-differences ( primary | master | secondary | slave | <boolean> );
    	keep-response-order { <address_match_element>; ... }; // obsolete
    	key-directory <quoted_string>;
    	lame-ttl <duration>;
    	listen-on [ port <integer> ] [ proxy <string> ] [ tls <string> ] [ http <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	listen-on-v6 [ port <integer> ] [ proxy <string> ] [ tls <string> ] [ http <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>;
    	managed-keys-directory <quoted_string>;
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	match-mapped-addresses <boolean>;
    	max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
    	max-cache-ttl <duration>;
    	max-clients-per-query <integer>;
    	max-ixfr-ratio ( unlimited | <percentage> );
    	max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
    	max-ncache-ttl <duration>;
    	max-query-count <integer>;
    	max-query-restarts <integer>;
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-recursion-depth <integer>;
    	max-recursion-queries <integer>;
    	max-refresh-time <integer>;
    	max-retry-time <integer>;
    	max-rsa-exponent-size <integer>;
    	max-stale-ttl <duration>;
    	max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	max-udp-size <integer>;
    	max-validation-failures-per-fetch <integer>; // experimental
    	max-validations-per-fetch <integer>; // experimental
    	max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <duration> ); // deprecated
    	memstatistics <boolean>;
    	memstatistics-file <quoted_string>;
    	message-compression <boolean>;
    	min-cache-ttl <duration>;
    	min-ncache-ttl <duration>;
    	min-refresh-time <integer>;
    	min-retry-time <integer>;
    	min-transfer-rate-in <integer> <integer>;
    	minimal-any <boolean>;
    	minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
    	multi-master <boolean>;
    	new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
    	no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
    	notify ( explicit | master-only | primary-only | <boolean> );
    	notify-defer <integer>;
    	notify-delay <integer>;
    	notify-rate <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	notify-to-soa <boolean>;
    	nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
    	nta-lifetime <duration>;
    	nta-recheck <duration>;
    	nxdomain-redirect <string>;
    	parental-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	parental-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	pid-file ( <quoted_string> | none );
    	port <integer>;
    	preferred-glue <string>;
    	prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
    	provide-ixfr <boolean>;
    	qname-minimization ( strict | relaxed | disabled | off );
    	query-source [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * | none );
    	query-source-v6 [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * | none );
    	querylog <boolean>;
    	rate-limit {
    		all-per-second <integer>;
    		errors-per-second <integer>;
    		exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
    		ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
    		log-only <boolean>;
    		max-table-size <integer>;
    		min-table-size <integer>;
    		nodata-per-second <integer>;
    		nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
    		qps-scale <integer>;
    		referrals-per-second <integer>;
    		responses-per-second <integer>;
    		slip <integer>;
    		window <integer>;
    	};
    	recursing-file <quoted_string>;
    	recursion <boolean>;
    	recursive-clients <integer>;
    	request-expire <boolean>;
    	request-ixfr <boolean>;
    	request-nsid <boolean>;
    	require-server-cookie <boolean>;
    	resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
    	resolver-use-dns64 <boolean>;
    	response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size <integer>;
    	response-policy { zone <string> [ add-soa <boolean> ] [ log <boolean> ] [ max-policy-ttl <duration> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ] [ policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata | nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [ ede <string> ]; ... } [ add-soa <boolean> ] [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [ max-policy-ttl <duration> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ] [ min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ nsdname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [ servfail-until-ready <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> } ];
    	responselog <boolean>;
    	reuseport <boolean>;
    	root-key-sentinel <boolean>;
    	rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name <quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
    	secroots-file <quoted_string>;
    	send-cookie <boolean>;
    	serial-query-rate <integer>;
    	serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
    	server-id ( <quoted_string> | none | hostname );
    	servfail-ttl <duration>;
    	session-keyalg <string>;
    	session-keyfile ( <quoted_string> | none );
    	session-keyname <string>;
    	sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
    	sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
    	sig-signing-type <integer>;
    	sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ]; // obsolete
    	sig0checks-quota <integer>; // experimental
    	sig0checks-quota-exempt { <address_match_element>; ... }; // experimental
    	sig0key-checks-limit <integer>;
    	sig0message-checks-limit <integer>;
    	sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... }; // deprecated
    	stale-answer-client-timeout ( disabled | off | <integer> );
    	stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
    	stale-answer-ttl <duration>;
    	stale-cache-enable <boolean>;
    	stale-refresh-time <duration>;
    	startup-notify-rate <integer>;
    	statistics-file <quoted_string>;
    	synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
    	tcp-advertised-timeout <integer>;
    	tcp-clients <integer>;
    	tcp-idle-timeout <integer>;
    	tcp-initial-timeout <integer>;
    	tcp-keepalive-timeout <integer>;
    	tcp-listen-queue <integer>;
    	tcp-receive-buffer <integer>;
    	tcp-send-buffer <integer>;
    	tkey-domain <quoted_string>; // obsolete
    	tkey-gssapi-credential <quoted_string>; // deprecated
    	tkey-gssapi-keytab <quoted_string>;
    	tls-port <integer>;
    	transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
    	transfer-message-size <integer>;
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	transfers-in <integer>;
    	transfers-out <integer>;
    	transfers-per-ns <integer>;
    	trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>;
    	try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
    	udp-receive-buffer <integer>;
    	udp-send-buffer <integer>;
    	update-check-ksk <boolean>; // obsolete
    	update-quota <integer>;
    	use-v4-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... }; // deprecated
    	use-v6-udp-ports { <portrange>; ... }; // deprecated
    	v6-bias <integer>;
    	validate-except { <string>; ... };
    	version ( <quoted_string> | none );
    	zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
    	zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };
    plugin ( query ) <string> [ { <unspecified-text> } ]; // may occur multiple times
    remote-servers <string> [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    server <netprefix> {
    	bogus <boolean>;
    	edns <boolean>;
    	edns-udp-size <integer>;
    	edns-version <integer>;
    	keys <server_key>;
    	max-udp-size <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	padding <integer>;
    	provide-ixfr <boolean>;
    	query-source [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	query-source-v6 [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	request-expire <boolean>;
    	request-ixfr <boolean>;
    	request-nsid <boolean>;
    	require-cookie <boolean>;
    	send-cookie <boolean>;
    	tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
    	tcp-only <boolean>;
    	transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	transfers <integer>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    statistics-channels {
    	inet ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> | * ) [ port ( <integer> | * ) ] [ allow { <address_match_element>; ... } ]; // may occur multiple times
    }; // may occur multiple times
    tls <string> {
    	ca-file <quoted_string>;
    	cert-file <quoted_string>;
    	cipher-suites <string>;
    	ciphers <string>;
    	dhparam-file <quoted_string>;
    	key-file <quoted_string>;
    	prefer-server-ciphers <boolean>;
    	protocols { <string>; ... };
    	remote-hostname <quoted_string>;
    	session-tickets <boolean>;
    }; // may occur multiple times
    trust-anchors { <string> ( static-key | initial-key | static-ds | initial-ds ) <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    trusted-keys { <string> <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    view <string> [ <class> ] {
    	allow-new-zones <boolean>;
    	allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-proxy { <address_match_element>; ... }; // experimental
    	allow-proxy-on { <address_match_element>; ... }; // experimental
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-cache { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-cache-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-recursion { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-recursion-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] [ transport <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	attach-cache <string>;
    	auth-nxdomain <boolean>;
    	catalog-zones { zone <string> [ default-primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... } ] [ zone-directory <quoted_string> ] [ in-memory <boolean> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ]; ... };
    	check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-integrity <boolean>;
    	check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-names ( primary | master | secondary | slave | response ) ( fail | warn | ignore ); // may occur multiple times
    	check-sibling <boolean>;
    	check-spf ( warn | ignore );
    	check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-svcb <boolean>;
    	check-wildcard <boolean>;
    	clients-per-query <integer>;
    	deny-answer-addresses { <address_match_element>; ... } [ except-from { <string>; ... } ];
    	deny-answer-aliases { <string>; ... } [ except-from { <string>; ... } ];
    	dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> ); // deprecated
    	disable-algorithms <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	disable-ds-digests <string> { <string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	disable-empty-zone <string>; // may occur multiple times
    	dlz <string> {
    		database <string>;
    		search <boolean>;
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    	dns64 <netprefix> {
    		break-dnssec <boolean>;
    		clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		exclude { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		mapped { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		recursive-only <boolean>;
    		suffix <ipv6_address>;
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    	dns64-contact <string>;
    	dns64-server <string>;
    	dnskey-sig-validity <integer>; // obsolete
    	dnsrps-enable <boolean>; // not configured
    	dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> }; // not configured
    	dnssec-accept-expired <boolean>;
    	dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
    	dnssec-must-be-secure <string> <boolean>; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    	dnssec-policy <string>;
    	dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign ); // obsolete
    	dnssec-validation ( yes | no | auto );
    	dnstap { ( all | auth | client | forwarder | resolver | update ) [ ( query | response ) ]; ... }; // not configured
    	dual-stack-servers [ port <integer> ] { ( <quoted_string> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ); ... };
    	dyndb <string> <quoted_string> { <unspecified-text> }; // may occur multiple times
    	edns-udp-size <integer>;
    	empty-contact <string>;
    	empty-server <string>;
    	empty-zones-enable <boolean>;
    	fetch-quota-params <integer> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint> <fixedpoint>;
    	fetches-per-server <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
    	fetches-per-zone <integer> [ ( drop | fail ) ];
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	ipv4only-contact <string>;
    	ipv4only-enable <boolean>;
    	ipv4only-server <string>;
    	ixfr-from-differences ( primary | master | secondary | slave | <boolean> );
    	key <string> {
    		algorithm <string>;
    		secret <string>;
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    	key-directory <quoted_string>;
    	lame-ttl <duration>;
    	lmdb-mapsize <sizeval>;
    	managed-keys { <string> ( static-key | initial-key | static-ds | initial-ds ) <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	match-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	match-destinations { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	match-recursive-only <boolean>;
    	max-cache-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> | <percentage> );
    	max-cache-ttl <duration>;
    	max-clients-per-query <integer>;
    	max-ixfr-ratio ( unlimited | <percentage> );
    	max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
    	max-ncache-ttl <duration>;
    	max-query-count <integer>;
    	max-query-restarts <integer>;
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-recursion-depth <integer>;
    	max-recursion-queries <integer>;
    	max-refresh-time <integer>;
    	max-retry-time <integer>;
    	max-stale-ttl <duration>;
    	max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	max-udp-size <integer>;
    	max-validation-failures-per-fetch <integer>; // experimental
    	max-validations-per-fetch <integer>; // experimental
    	max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <duration> ); // deprecated
    	message-compression <boolean>;
    	min-cache-ttl <duration>;
    	min-ncache-ttl <duration>;
    	min-refresh-time <integer>;
    	min-retry-time <integer>;
    	min-transfer-rate-in <integer> <integer>;
    	minimal-any <boolean>;
    	minimal-responses ( no-auth | no-auth-recursive | <boolean> );
    	multi-master <boolean>;
    	new-zones-directory <quoted_string>;
    	no-case-compress { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	nocookie-udp-size <integer>;
    	notify ( explicit | master-only | primary-only | <boolean> );
    	notify-defer <integer>;
    	notify-delay <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	notify-to-soa <boolean>;
    	nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
    	nta-lifetime <duration>;
    	nta-recheck <duration>;
    	nxdomain-redirect <string>;
    	parental-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	parental-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	plugin ( query ) <string> [ { <unspecified-text> } ]; // may occur multiple times
    	preferred-glue <string>;
    	prefetch <integer> [ <integer> ];
    	provide-ixfr <boolean>;
    	qname-minimization ( strict | relaxed | disabled | off );
    	query-source [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * | none );
    	query-source-v6 [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * | none );
    	rate-limit {
    		all-per-second <integer>;
    		errors-per-second <integer>;
    		exempt-clients { <address_match_element>; ... };
    		ipv4-prefix-length <integer>;
    		ipv6-prefix-length <integer>;
    		log-only <boolean>;
    		max-table-size <integer>;
    		min-table-size <integer>;
    		nodata-per-second <integer>;
    		nxdomains-per-second <integer>;
    		qps-scale <integer>;
    		referrals-per-second <integer>;
    		responses-per-second <integer>;
    		slip <integer>;
    		window <integer>;
    	};
    	recursion <boolean>;
    	request-expire <boolean>;
    	request-ixfr <boolean>;
    	request-nsid <boolean>;
    	require-server-cookie <boolean>;
    	resolver-query-timeout <integer>;
    	resolver-use-dns64 <boolean>;
    	response-padding { <address_match_element>; ... } block-size <integer>;
    	response-policy { zone <string> [ add-soa <boolean> ] [ log <boolean> ] [ max-policy-ttl <duration> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ] [ policy ( cname | disabled | drop | given | no-op | nodata | nxdomain | passthru | tcp-only <quoted_string> ) ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [ ede <string> ]; ... } [ add-soa <boolean> ] [ break-dnssec <boolean> ] [ max-policy-ttl <duration> ] [ min-update-interval <duration> ] [ min-ns-dots <integer> ] [ nsip-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ nsdname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ qname-wait-recurse <boolean> ] [ recursive-only <boolean> ] [ servfail-until-ready <boolean> ] [ nsip-enable <boolean> ] [ nsdname-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-enable <boolean> ] [ dnsrps-options { <unspecified-text> } ];
    	root-key-sentinel <boolean>;
    	rrset-order { [ class <string> ] [ type <string> ] [ name <quoted_string> ] <string> <string>; ... };
    	send-cookie <boolean>;
    	serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
    	server <netprefix> {
    		bogus <boolean>;
    		edns <boolean>;
    		edns-udp-size <integer>;
    		edns-version <integer>;
    		keys <server_key>;
    		max-udp-size <integer>;
    		notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    		notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    		padding <integer>;
    		provide-ixfr <boolean>;
    		query-source [ address ] ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    		query-source-v6 [ address ] ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    		request-expire <boolean>;
    		request-ixfr <boolean>;
    		request-nsid <boolean>;
    		require-cookie <boolean>;
    		send-cookie <boolean>;
    		tcp-keepalive <boolean>;
    		tcp-only <boolean>;
    		transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
    		transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    		transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    		transfers <integer>;
    	}; // may occur multiple times
    	servfail-ttl <duration>;
    	sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
    	sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
    	sig-signing-type <integer>;
    	sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ]; // obsolete
    	sig0key-checks-limit <integer>;
    	sig0message-checks-limit <integer>;
    	sortlist { <address_match_element>; ... }; // deprecated
    	stale-answer-client-timeout ( disabled | off | <integer> );
    	stale-answer-enable <boolean>;
    	stale-answer-ttl <duration>;
    	stale-cache-enable <boolean>;
    	stale-refresh-time <duration>;
    	synth-from-dnssec <boolean>;
    	transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	trust-anchor-telemetry <boolean>;
    	trust-anchors { <string> ( static-key | initial-key | static-ds | initial-ds ) <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times
    	trusted-keys { <string> <integer> <integer> <integer> <quoted_string>; ... }; // may occur multiple times, deprecated
    	try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
    	update-check-ksk <boolean>; // obsolete
    	v6-bias <integer>;
    	validate-except { <string>; ... };
    	zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
    	zero-no-soa-ttl-cache <boolean>;
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    }; // may occur multiple times

Any of these zone statements can also be set inside the view statement.

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type primary;
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] [ transport <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	check-dup-records ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-integrity <boolean>;
    	check-mx ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-mx-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-sibling <boolean>;
    	check-spf ( warn | ignore );
    	check-srv-cname ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	check-svcb <boolean>;
    	check-wildcard <boolean>;
    	checkds ( explicit | <boolean> );
    	database <string>;
    	dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> ); // deprecated
    	dlz <string>;
    	dnskey-sig-validity <integer>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
    	dnssec-policy <string>;
    	dnssec-secure-to-insecure <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign ); // obsolete
    	file <quoted_string>;
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	inline-signing <boolean>;
    	ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
    	journal <quoted_string>;
    	key-directory <quoted_string>;
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	max-ixfr-ratio ( unlimited | <percentage> );
    	max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <duration> ); // deprecated
    	notify ( explicit | master-only | primary-only | <boolean> );
    	notify-defer <integer>;
    	notify-delay <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	notify-to-soa <boolean>;
    	nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
    	parental-agents [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	parental-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	parental-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	serial-update-method ( date | increment | unixtime );
    	sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
    	sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
    	sig-signing-type <integer>;
    	sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ]; // obsolete
    	update-check-ksk <boolean>; // obsolete
    	update-policy ( local | { ( deny | grant ) <string> ( 6to4-self | external | krb5-self | krb5-selfsub | krb5-subdomain | krb5-subdomain-self-rhs | ms-self | ms-selfsub | ms-subdomain | ms-subdomain-self-rhs | name | self | selfsub | selfwild | subdomain | tcp-self | wildcard | zonesub ) [ <string> ] <rrtypelist>; ... } );
    	zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type secondary;
    	allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] [ transport <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	checkds ( explicit | <boolean> );
    	database <string>;
    	dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> ); // deprecated
    	dlz <string>;
    	dnskey-sig-validity <integer>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-dnskey-kskonly <boolean>; // obsolete
    	dnssec-loadkeys-interval <integer>;
    	dnssec-policy <string>;
    	dnssec-update-mode ( maintain | no-resign ); // obsolete
    	file <quoted_string>;
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	inline-signing <boolean>;
    	ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
    	journal <quoted_string>;
    	key-directory <quoted_string>;
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	max-ixfr-ratio ( unlimited | <percentage> );
    	max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-refresh-time <integer>;
    	max-retry-time <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	min-refresh-time <integer>;
    	min-retry-time <integer>;
    	min-transfer-rate-in <integer> <integer>;
    	multi-master <boolean>;
    	notify ( explicit | master-only | primary-only | <boolean> );
    	notify-defer <integer>;
    	notify-delay <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	notify-to-soa <boolean>;
    	nsec3-test-zone <boolean>; // test only
    	parental-agents [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	parental-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	parental-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	request-expire <boolean>;
    	request-ixfr <boolean>;
    	sig-signing-nodes <integer>;
    	sig-signing-signatures <integer>;
    	sig-signing-type <integer>;
    	sig-validity-interval <integer> [ <integer> ]; // obsolete
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
    	update-check-ksk <boolean>; // obsolete
    	zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type mirror;
    	allow-notify { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-transfer [ port <integer> ] [ transport <string> ] { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-update-forwarding { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	also-notify [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	database <string>;
    	file <quoted_string>;
    	ixfr-from-differences <boolean>;
    	journal <quoted_string>;
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	max-ixfr-ratio ( unlimited | <percentage> );
    	max-journal-size ( default | unlimited | <sizeval> );
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-refresh-time <integer>;
    	max-retry-time <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-out <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-out <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	min-refresh-time <integer>;
    	min-retry-time <integer>;
    	min-transfer-rate-in <integer> <integer>;
    	multi-master <boolean>;
    	notify ( explicit | master-only | primary-only | <boolean> );
    	notify-defer <integer>;
    	notify-delay <integer>;
    	notify-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	notify-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	request-expire <boolean>;
    	request-ixfr <boolean>;
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	try-tcp-refresh <boolean>;
    	zero-no-soa-ttl <boolean>;
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type forward;
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type hint;
    	check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	file <quoted_string>;
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type redirect;
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	dlz <string>;
    	file <quoted_string>;
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	max-zone-ttl ( unlimited | <duration> ); // deprecated
    	primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type static-stub;
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	server-addresses { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ); ... };
    	server-names { <string>; ... };
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	type stub;
    	allow-query { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	allow-query-on { <address_match_element>; ... };
    	check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
    	database <string>;
    	dialup ( notify | notify-passive | passive | refresh | <boolean> ); // deprecated
    	file <quoted_string>;
    	forward ( first | only );
    	forwarders [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ] { ( <ipv4_address> | <ipv6_address> ) [ port <integer> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	masterfile-format ( raw | text );
    	masterfile-style ( full | relative );
    	max-records <integer>;
    	max-records-per-type <integer>;
    	max-refresh-time <integer>;
    	max-retry-time <integer>;
    	max-transfer-idle-in <integer>;
    	max-transfer-time-in <integer>;
    	max-types-per-name <integer>;
    	min-refresh-time <integer>;
    	min-retry-time <integer>;
    	min-transfer-rate-in <integer> <integer>;
    	multi-master <boolean>;
    	primaries [ port <integer> ] [ source ( <ipv4_address> | * ) ] [ source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * ) ] { ( <server-list> | <ipv4_address> [ port <integer> ] | <ipv6_address> [ port <integer> ] ) [ key <string> ] [ tls <string> ]; ... };
    	transfer-source ( <ipv4_address> | * );
    	transfer-source-v6 ( <ipv6_address> | * );
    	zone-statistics ( full | terse | none | <boolean> );
    };

    zone <string> [ <class> ] {
    	in-view <string>;
    };

# FILES

//etc/named.conf

# SEE ALSO

named(8), named-checkconf(8), rndc(8), rndc-confgen(8), tsig-keygen(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.

# AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium

# COPYRIGHT

2026, Internet Systems Consortium

| @PACKAGE_VERSION@