FSDB(8) | System Manager's Manual | FSDB(8)

# NAME

`fsdb` — FFS debugging/editing tool

# SYNOPSIS

`fsdb` | [`-dFnN`] `-f` fsname

# DESCRIPTION

`fsdb` opens fsname (usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. You are prompted to enter a command with “fsdb (inum X)>” where X is the currently selected i-number. The initial selected inode is the root of the filesystem (i-number 2). The command processor uses the editline(3) library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system.

The `-d` option enables additional debugging output (which comes primarily from fsck(8)-derived code).

The `-F` option indicates that filesystem is a file system image, rather than a raw character device. It will be accessed ‘as-is’, and no attempts will be made to read a disklabel.

The `-n` option disables writing to the device, preventing any changes from being made to the filesystem.

The `-N` option causes the superblock not to be marked dirty when `fsdb` exits.

# COMMANDS

Besides the built-in editline(3) commands, `fsdb` supports these commands:

`help`
  Print out the list of accepted commands.

`inode` i-number
  Select inode i-number as the new current inode.

`back`
  Revert to the previously current inode.

`clri` i-number
  Clear the inode i-number.

`lookup` name
`cd` name
  Find name in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. Name may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that the root inode should be used to start the lookup. If some component along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is left as the active inode.
  This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory.

`active`
`print`
  Print out the active inode.

`uplink`
  Increment the active inode's link count.

`downlink`
  Decrement the active inode's link count.

`linkcount` number
  Set the active inode's link count to number.

`ls`
  List the current inode's directory entries. This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory.

`blks`
  List the current inode's blocks numbers.

`findblk` disk block number ...
  Find the inode(s) owning the specified disk block(s) number(s). Note that these are not absolute disk blocks numbers, but offsets from the start of the partition.

`saveblks` filename
  Save the current inode's data into filename.

`rm` name
`del` name
  Remove the entry name from the current directory inode. This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory.

`ln` ino name
  Create a link to inode ino under the name name in the current directory inode. This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory.

`chinum` dirslot inum
  Change the i-number in directory entry dirslot to inum.

`chname` dirslot name
  Change the name in directory entry dirslot to name. This command cannot expand a directory entry. You can only rename an entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot.

`chtype` type
  Change the type of the current inode to type. type may be one of: file, dir, socket, or fifo.

`chmod` mode
  Change the mode bits of the current inode to mode. You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use `chtype` to do that.

`chflags` flags
  Change the file flags of the current inode to flags.

`chown` uid
  Change the owner of the current inode to uid.

`chgrp` gid
  Change the group of the current inode to gid.

`chgen` gen
  Change the generation number of the current inode to gen.

`mtime` time
`ctime` time
`atime` time
`birthtime` time
  Change the modification, change, access time, or birthtime (respectively) on the current inode to time. Time should be in the format YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] where nsec is an optional nanosecond specification. If no nanoseconds are specified, the mtimensec, ctimensec, atimensec, or birthtimensec field will be set to zero. The birthtime field is only available on ufs2 filesystems.

`quit`, `q`, `exit`, ⟨EOF⟩
  Exit the program.

# SEE ALSO

editline(3), fs(5), clri(8), fsck(8)

# HISTORY

`fsdb` uses the source code for fsck(8) to implement most of the file system manipulation code. The remainder of `fsdb` first appeared in NetBSD 1.1.

# WARNING

Use this tool with extreme caution -- you can damage an FFS file system beyond what fsck(8) can repair.

# BUGS

Manipulation of “short” symlinks doesn't work (in particular, don't try changing a symlink's type).
You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names.
There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which `fsdb` doesn't implement.

May 29, 2021 | NetBSD 11.99