TRANSPORT(5) | File Formats Manual | TRANSPORT(5)

# NAME

transport - Postfix transport table format

# SYNOPSIS

    postmap /etc/postfix/transport
    postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/transport
    postmap -q - /etc/postfix/transport <inputfile

# DESCRIPTION

The optional transport(5) table specifies a mapping from email addresses to message delivery transports and next-hop destinations. Message delivery transports such as local or smtp are defined in the master.cf file, and next-hop destinations are typically hosts or domain names. The table is searched by the trivial-rewrite(8) daemon.

This mapping overrides the default transport:nexthop selection that is built into Postfix:

local_transport (default: local:$myhostname)
  This is the default for final delivery to domains listed with mydestination, and for [ipaddress] destinations that match $inet_interfaces or $proxy_interfaces.

  In order of decreasing precedence, the nexthop destination is taken from transport_maps, local_transport, or from the recipient domain.

virtual_transport (default: virtual:)
  This is the default for final delivery to domains listed with virtual_mailbox_domains.

  In order of decreasing precedence, the nexthop destination is taken from transport_maps, virtual_transport, or from the recipient domain.

relay_transport (default: relay:)
  This is the default for remote delivery to domains listed with relay_domains.

  In order of decreasing precedence, the nexthop destination is taken from transport_maps, relay_transport, sender_dependent_relayhost_maps, relayhost, or from the recipient domain.

default_transport (default: smtp:)
  This is the default for remote delivery to other destinations.

  In order of decreasing precedence, the nexthop destination is taken from transport_maps, sender_dependent_default_transport_maps, default_transport, sender_dependent_relayhost_maps, relayhost, or from the recipient domain.

Normally, the transport(5) table is specified as a text file that serves as input to the postmap(1) command to create an indexed file for fast lookup.

Execute the command "postmap /etc/postfix/transport" to rebuild a default-type indexed file after changing the text file, or execute "postmap type:/etc/postfix/transport" to specify an explicit type.

The default indexed file type is configured with the default_database_type parameter. Depending on the platform this may be one of lmdb:, cdb:, hash:, or dbm: (without the trailing ':').

When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files. Managing such databases is outside the scope of Postfix.

Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be directed to a TCP-based server. In those case, the lookups are done in a slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".

# CASE FOLDING

The search string is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose lookup fields can match both upper and lower case.

# TABLE FORMAT

The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows:

pattern result
  When pattern matches the recipient address or domain, use the corresponding result.
blank lines and comments
  Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'.
multi-line text
  A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with whitespace continues a logical line.

The pattern specifies an email address, a domain name, or a domain name hierarchy, as described in section "TABLE SEARCH ORDER".

The result is of the form transport:nexthop and specifies how or where to deliver mail. This is described in section "RESULT FORMAT".

# TABLE SEARCH ORDER

With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as listed below:

user+extension@domain transport:nexthop
  Deliver mail for user+extension@domain through transport to nexthop.
user@domain transport:nexthop
  Deliver mail for user@domain through transport to nexthop.
domain transport:nexthop
  Deliver mail for domain through transport to nexthop.
.domain transport:nexthop
  Deliver mail for any subdomain of domain through transport to nexthop. This applies only when the string transport_maps is not listed in the parent_domain_matches_subdomains configuration setting. Otherwise, a domain name matches itself and its subdomains.
* transport:nexthop
  The special pattern * represents any address (i.e. it functions as the wild-card pattern, and is unique to Postfix transport tables).

Note 1: the null recipient address is looked up as $empty_address_recipient@$myhostname (default: mailer-daemon@hostname).

Note 2: user@domain or user+extension@domain lookup is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

# RESULT FORMAT

The lookup result is of the form transport:nexthop. The transport field specifies a mail delivery transport such as smtp or local. The nexthop field specifies where and how to deliver mail.

The transport field specifies the name of a mail delivery transport (the first name of a mail delivery service entry in the Postfix master.cf file).

The nexthop field usually specifies one recipient domain or hostname. In the case of the Postfix SMTP/LMTP client, the nexthop field may contain a list of nexthop destinations separated by comma or whitespace (Postfix 3.5 and later).

The syntax of a nexthop destination is transport dependent. With SMTP, specify a service on a non-default port as host:service, and disable MX (mail exchanger) DNS lookups with [host] or [host]:port. The [] form is required when you specify an IP address instead of a hostname.

A null transport and null nexthop field means "do not change": use the delivery transport and nexthop information that would be used when the entire transport table did not exist.

A non-null transport field with a null nexthop field resets the nexthop information to the recipient domain.

A null transport field with non-null nexthop field does not modify the transport information.

# EXAMPLES

In order to deliver internal mail directly, while using a mail relay for all other mail, specify a null entry for internal destinations (do not change the delivery transport or the nexthop information) and specify a wildcard for all other destinations.

         my.domain    :

         .my.domain   :

         *            smtp:outbound-relay.my.domain

In order to send mail for example.com and its subdomains via the uucp transport to the UUCP host named example:

         example.com      uucp:example

         .example.com     uucp:example

When no nexthop destination is specified, Postfix uses (from low to high precedence): the recipient domain, the nexthop specified with relayhost, with sender_dependent_relayhost_maps (for remote deliveries only), with the transport for the address domain class (see DESCRIPTION above), or with sender_dependent_default_transport_maps (for remote deliveries only). For example, the following directs mail for user@example.com via the slow transport to a mail exchanger for example.com. The slow transport could be configured to run at most one delivery process at a time:

         example.com      slow:

When no transport is specified, Postfix uses the transport that matches the address domain class (see DESCRIPTION above), or the transport specified with sender_dependent_default_transport_maps (for remote deliveries only). The following sends all mail for example.com and its subdomains to host gateway.example.com:

         example.com      :[gateway.example.com]

         .example.com     :[gateway.example.com]

In the above example, the [] suppress MX lookups. This prevents mail routing loops when your machine is primary MX host for example.com.

In the case of delivery via SMTP or LMTP, one may specify host:service instead of just a host:

         example.com      smtp:bar.example:2025

This directs mail for user@example.com to host bar.example port 2025. Instead of a numerical port a symbolic name may be used. Specify [] around the hostname if MX lookups must be disabled.

Deliveries via SMTP or LMTP support multiple destinations (Postfix >= 3.5):

         example.com      smtp:bar.example, foo.example

This tries to deliver to bar.example before trying to deliver to foo.example.

The error mailer can be used to bounce mail:

         .example.com     error:mail for *.example.com is not deliverable

This causes all mail for user@anything.example.com to be bounced.

# REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES

This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular expression lookup table syntax, see regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5).

Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire address being looked up. Thus, some.domain.hierarchy is not looked up via its parent domains, nor is user+foo@domain looked up as user@domain.

Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a pattern is found that matches the search string.

The trivial-rewrite(8) server disallows regular expression substitution of $1 etc. in regular expression lookup tables, because that could open a security hole (Postfix version 2.3 and later).

# TCP-BASED TABLES

This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups are directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP client/server lookup protocol, see tcp_table(5). This feature is not available up to and including Postfix version 2.4.

Each lookup operation uses the entire recipient address once. Thus, some.domain.hierarchy is not looked up via its parent domains, nor is user+foo@domain looked up as user@domain.

Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.

# CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant. The text below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.

empty_address_recipient (MAILER-DAEMON)
  The recipient of mail addressed to the null address.
parent_domain_matches_subdomains (see 'postconf -d' output)
  A list of Postfix features where the pattern "example.com" also matches subdomains of example.com, instead of requiring an explicit ".example.com" pattern.
transport_maps (empty)
  Optional lookup tables with mappings from recipient address to (message delivery transport, next-hop destination).

# SEE ALSO

    trivial-rewrite(8), rewrite and resolve addresses
    master(5), master.cf file format
    postconf(5), configuration parameters
    postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager

# README FILES

Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.

    ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide
    DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
    FILTER_README, external content filter

# LICENSE

The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

# AUTHOR(S)

    Wietse Venema
    IBM T.J. Watson Research
    P.O. Box 704
    Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
    Wietse Venema
    Google, Inc.
    111 8th Avenue
    New York, NY 10011, USA