





     


                   TTyyppiinngg DDooccuummeennttss oonn tthhee UUNNIIXX SSyysstteemm::
                 UUssiinngg tthhee --mmss MMaaccrrooss wwiitthh TTrrooffff aanndd NNrrooffff


                                _M_. _E_. _L_e_s_k




                                 _A_B_S_T_R_A_C_T

               This  document  describes  a  set  of  easy-to-use
          macros for preparing  documents  on  the  UNIX  system.
          Documents may be produced on either the phototypesetter
          or on a computer terminal, without changing the  input.

               The macros provide facilities for paragraphs, sec-
          tions  (optionally  with  automatic  numbering),   page
          titles,  footnotes,  equations, tables, two-column for-
          mat, and cover pages for papers.

               This memo includes, as an appendix,  the  text  of
          the  ``Guide  to  Preparing  Documents with -ms'' which
          contains additional examples of features of -ms.

               This manual is a revision of, and replaces, ``Typ-
          ing Documents on UNIX,'' dated November 22, 1974.


          _I_I_n_n_t_t_r_r_o_o_d_d_u_u_c_c_t_t_i_i_o_o_n_n_._.   This  memorandum describes a package of com-
     mands to produce papers using the _t_r_o_f_f and _n_r_o_f_f formatting pro-
     grams  on  the UNIX system.  As with other _r_o_f_f-derived programs,
     text is prepared interspersed with formatting commands.  However,
     this package, which itself is written in _t_r_o_f_f commands, provides
     higher-level commands than those provided with  the  basic  _t_r_o_f_f
     program.   The  commands  available in this package are listed in
     Appendix A.

          _T_T_e_e_x_x_t_t_._.  Type normally, except that instead of  indenting  for
     paragraphs,  place  a line reading ``.PP'' before each paragraph.
     This will produce indenting and extra space.

     Alternatively, the command .LP that was used here will produce  a
     left-aligned  (block)  paragraph.   The  paragraph spacing can be
     changed: see below under ``Registers.''

          _B_B_e_e_g_g_i_i_n_n_n_n_i_i_n_n_g_g_._.  For a document with a  paper-type  cover  sheet,
     the input should start as follows:












     USD:17-2                Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


          [optional overall format .RP - see below]
          .TL
          Title of document (one or more lines)
          .AU
          Author(s) (may also be several lines)
          .AI
          Author's institution(s)
          .AB
          Abstract; to be placed on the cover sheet of a paper.
          Line length is 5/6 of normal; use .ll here to change.
          .AE  (abstract end)
          text ... (begins with .PP, which see)

     To  omit  some  of the standard headings (e.g. no abstract, or no
     author's institution) just omit the corresponding fields and com-
     mand lines.  The word ABSTRACT can be suppressed by writing ``.AB
     no'' for ``.AB''.  Several interspersed .AU and .AI lines can  be
     used  for  multiple  authors.   The  headings are not compulsory:
     beginning with a .PP command is perfectly OK and will just  start
     printing  an ordinary paragraph.  _W_W_a_a_r_r_n_n_i_i_n_n_g_g_:_: You can't just begin a
     document with a line of text.  Some -ms command must precede  any
     text input.  When in doubt, use .LP to get proper initialization,
     although any of the commands .PP, .LP,  .TL,  .SH,  .NH  is  good
     enough.   Figure 1 shows the legal arrangement of commands at the
     start of a document.

          _C_C_o_o_v_v_e_e_r_r _S_S_h_h_e_e_e_e_t_t_s_s _a_a_n_n_d_d _F_F_i_i_r_r_s_s_t_t _P_P_a_a_g_g_e_e_s_s_._.  The first line of a  document
     signals  the general format of the first page.  In particular, if
     it is ".RP" a cover sheet with title and  abstract  is  prepared.
     The default format is useful for scanning drafts.

          In  general -ms is arranged so that only one form of a docu-
     ment need be stored, containing all information;  the first  com-
     mand  gives the format, and unnecessary items for that format are
     ignored.

          Warning: don't put extraneous material between the  .TL  and
     .AE  commands.   Processing  of the titling items is special, and
     other data placed in them may not behave as  you  expect.   Don't
     forget that some -ms command must precede any input text.

          _P_P_a_a_g_g_e_e  _h_h_e_e_a_a_d_d_i_i_n_n_g_g_s_s_._.   The  -ms  macros, by default, will print a
     page heading containing a page number (if  greater  than  1).   A
     default  page footer is provided only in _n_n_r_r_o_o_f_f_f_f, where the date is
     used.  The user can make minor  adjustments  to  the  page  head-
     ings/footings  by redefining the strings LH, CH, and RH which are
     the left, center and right portions of the page headings, respec-
     tively;  and the strings LF, CF, and RF, which are the left, cen-
     ter and right portions of the page footer.  For more complex for-
     mats,  the  user  can  redefine  the  macros PT and BT, which are
     invoked respectively at the top and bottom  of  each  page.   The
     margins  (taken  from  registers HM and FM for the top and bottom
     margin respectively) are normally 1 inch; the page  header/footer
     are  in  the  middle of that space.  The user who redefines these









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     macros should be careful not to change parameters such  as  point
     size or font without resetting them to default values.

          _M_M_u_u_l_l_t_t_i_i_-_-_c_c_o_o_l_l_u_u_m_m_n_n  _f_f_o_o_r_r_m_m_a_a_t_t_s_s_._.   If you place the command ``.2C'' in
     your document, the document will be printed in double column for-
     mat  beginning  at that point.  This feature is not too useful in
     computer terminal output, but is often desirable on the  typeset-
     ter.   The  command ``.1C'' will go back to one-column format and
     also skip to a new page.  The ``.2C'' command is actually a  spe-
     cial case of the command

          .MC [column width [gutter width]]

     which makes multiple columns with the specified column and gutter
     width; as many columns as will fit  across  the  page  are  used.
     Thus  triple,  quadruple, ... column pages can be printed.  When-
     ever the number of columns is changed  (except  going  from  full
     width to some larger number of columns) a new page is started.

          _H_H_e_e_a_a_d_d_i_i_n_n_g_g_s_s_._.   To produce a special heading, there are two com-
     mands.  If you type

          .NH
          type section heading here
          may be several lines

     you will get automatically numbered section headings  (1,  2,  3,
     ...), in boldface.  For example,

         .NH
         Care and Feeding of Department Heads

     produces

     11..  CCaarree aanndd FFeeeeddiinngg ooff DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt HHeeaaddss

          Alternatively,

          .SH
          Care and Feeding of Directors

     will print the heading with no number added:

     CCaarree aanndd FFeeeeddiinngg ooff DDiirreeccttoorrss

          Every section heading, of either type, should be followed by
     a paragraph beginning with .PP or .LP, indicating the end of  the
     heading.  Headings may contain more than one line of text.

          The   .NH  command  also  supports  more  complex  numbering
     schemes.  If a numerical argument is given, it is taken to  be  a
     ``level''  number and an appropriate sub-section number is gener-
     ated.  Larger level numbers indicate deeper sub-sections,  as  in
     this example:









     USD:17-4                Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


          .NH
          Erie-Lackawanna
          .NH 2
          Morris and Essex Division
          .NH 3
          Gladstone Branch
          .NH 3
          Montclair Branch
          .NH 2
          Boonton Line

     generates:

     22..  EErriiee--LLaacckkaawwaannnnaa

     22..11..  MMoorrrriiss aanndd EEsssseexx DDiivviissiioonn

     22..11..11..  GGllaaddssttoonnee BBrraanncchh

     22..11..22..  MMoonnttccllaaiirr BBrraanncchh

     22..22..  BBoooonnttoonn LLiinnee

          An explicit ``.NH 0'' will reset the numbering of level 1 to
     one, as here:

          .NH 0
          Penn Central


     _1_1_._.  _P_P_e_e_n_n_n_n _C_C_e_e_n_n_t_t_r_r_a_a_l_l

          _I_I_n_n_d_d_e_e_n_n_t_t_e_e_d_d _p_p_a_a_r_r_a_a_g_g_r_r_a_a_p_p_h_h_s_s_._.  (Paragraphs with hanging numbers, e.g.
     references.)  The sequence

          .IP [1]
          Text for first paragraph, typed
          normally for as long as you would
          like on as many lines as needed.
          .IP [2]
          Text for second paragraph, ...

     produces

     [1]  Text  for first paragraph, typed normally for as long as you
          would like on as many lines as needed.

     [2]  Text for second paragraph, ...

     A series of indented paragraphs may be followed  by  an  ordinary
     paragraph  beginning  with  .PP  or .LP, depending on whether you
     wish indenting or not.  The command .LP was used here.











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          More sophisticated uses of .IP are also  possible.   If  the
     label  is omitted, for example, a plain block indent is produced.

          .IP
          This material will
          just be turned into a
          block indent suitable for quotations or
          such matter.
          .LP

     will produce

          This material will just be turned into a block indent  suit-
          able for quotations or such matter.

     If  a  non-standard  amount  of  indenting is required, it may be
     specified after the  label  (in  character  positions)  and  will
     remain  in  effect  until the next .PP or .LP.  Thus, the general
     form of the .IP command contains two additional fields: the label
     and the indenting length.  For example,

          .IP first: 9
          Notice the longer label, requiring larger
          indenting for these paragraphs.
          .IP second:
          And so forth.
          .LP

     produces this:

     first:   Notice  the longer label, requiring larger indenting for
              these paragraphs.

     second:  And so forth.

     It is also possible to produce multiple nested indents; the  com-
     mand  .RS  indicates  that  the  next .IP starts from the current
     indentation level.  Each .RE will eat up one level  of  indenting
     so  you  should  balance  .RS  and .RE commands.  The .RS command
     should be thought of as ``move right'' and  the  .RE  command  as
     ``move left''.  As an example






















     USD:17-6                Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


          .IP 1.
          Bell Laboratories
          .RS
          .IP 1.1
          Murray Hill
          .IP 1.2
          Holmdel
          .IP 1.3
          Whippany
          .RS
          .IP 1.3.1
          Madison
          .RE
          .IP 1.4
          Chester
          .RE
          .LP

     will result in

     1.   Bell Laboratories

          1.1  Murray Hill

          1.2  Holmdel

          1.3  Whippany

               1.3.1
                    Madison

          1.4  Chester

     All  of these variations on .LP leave the right margin untouched.
     Sometimes, for purposes such as setting off a quotation, a  para-
     graph indented on both right and left is required.

          A  single  paragraph like this is obtained by preceding
          it with .QP.  More complicated material (several  para-
          graphs) should be bracketed with .QS and .QE.

     _E_E_m_m_p_p_h_h_a_a_s_s_i_i_s_s_._.   To get italics (on the typesetter) or underlining (on
     the terminal) say

          .I
          as much text as you want
          can be typed here
          .R

     as was done for _t_h_e_s_e _t_h_r_e_e _w_o_r_d_s_.  The .R command  restores  the
     normal  (usually  Roman)  font.  If only one word is to be itali-
     cized, it may be just given on the line with the .I command,











     Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff                USD:17-7


               .I word

     and in this case no .R is needed to restore  the  previous  font.
     BBoollddffaaccee can be produced by

          .B
          Text to be set in boldface
          goes here
          .R

     and  also will be underlined on the terminal or line printer.  As
     with .I, a single word can be placed in boldface by placing it on
     the same line as the .B command.

          A  few size changes can be specified similarly with the com-
     mands .LG (make larger), .SM (make smaller), and .NL  (return  to
     normal size).  The size change is two points; the commands may be
     repeated for increased effect (here one .NL canceled two .SM com-
     mands).

          If  actual -u-n-d-e-r-l-i-n-i-n-g-as opposed to italicizing is required
     on the typesetter, the command

               .UL word

     will underline a word.  There is no  way  to  underline  multiple
     words on the typesetter.

          _F_F_o_o_o_o_t_t_n_n_o_o_t_t_e_e_s_s_._.   Material placed between lines with the commands
     .FS (footnote) and .FE (footnote end) will be  collected,  remem-
     bered, and finally placed at the bottom of the current page*.  By
     default, footnotes are 11/12th the length  of  normal  text,  but
     this can be changed using the FL register (see below).

          _D_D_i_i_s_s_p_p_l_l_a_a_y_y_s_s  _a_a_n_n_d_d _T_T_a_a_b_b_l_l_e_e_s_s_._.  To prepare displays of lines, such as
     tables, in which the lines should  not  be  re-arranged,  enclose
     them in the commands .DS and .DE

          .DS
          table lines, like the
          examples here, are placed
          between .DS and .DE
          .DE

     By  default,  lines  between  .DS  and .DE are indented and left-
     adjusted.  You can also center lines, or retain the left  margin.
     Lines  bracketed  by .DS C and .DE commands are centered (and not
     re-arranged); lines bracketed by .DS L and .DE are left-adjusted,
     not  indented, and not re-arranged.  A plain .DS is equivalent to
     .DS I, which indents and left-adjusts.  Thus,


     -----------
     * Like this.









     USD:17-8                Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


                         these lines were preceded
                         by .DS C and followed by
                              a .DE command;

     whereas

     these lines were preceded
     by .DS L and followed by
     a .DE command.

     Note that .DS C centers each line; there is a variant .DS B  that
     makes  the  display  into a left-adjusted block of text, and then
     centers that entire block.  Normally a display is kept  together,
     on  one  page.   If  you wish to have a long display which may be
     split across page boundaries, use .CD, .LD, or .ID  in  place  of
     the commands .DS C, .DS L, or .DS I respectively.  An extra argu-
     ment to the .DS I or .DS command is taken as an amount to indent.
     Note:  it  is  tempting  to  assume  that .DS R will right adjust
     lines, but it doesn't work.

          _B_B_o_o_x_x_i_i_n_n_g_g _w_w_o_o_r_r_d_d_s_s _o_o_r_r _l_l_i_i_n_n_e_e_s_s_._.  To  draw  rectangular  boxes  around
     words the command

          .BX word
                +---+
     will print -w-o-r-d-as shown.  The boxes will not be neat on a termi-
     nal, and this should not be used as a substitute for italics.
     +---------------------------------------------------------------+
     |Longer pieces of text may be boxed by enclosing them  with  .B1|
     |and .B2:                                                       |
     |                                                               |
     |     .B1                                                       |
     |     text...                                                   |
     |     .B2                                                       |
     |                                                               |
     |as has been done here.                                         |
     +---------------------------------------------------------------+

          _K_K_e_e_e_e_p_p_i_i_n_n_g_g  _b_b_l_l_o_o_c_c_k_k_s_s  _t_t_o_o_g_g_e_e_t_t_h_h_e_e_r_r_._.   If  you wish to keep a table or
     other block of lines together on  a  page,  there  are  ``keep  -
     release'' commands.  If a block of lines preceded by .KS and fol-
     lowed by .KE does not fit on the remainder of the  current  page,
     it will begin on a new page.  Lines bracketed by .DS and .DE com-
     mands are automatically kept together this way.  There is also  a
     ``keep  floating''  command:  if the block to be kept together is
     preceded by .KF instead of .KS and does not fit  on  the  current
     page, it will be moved down through the text until the top of the
     next page.  Thus, no large blank space will be introduced in  the
     document.

          _N_N_r_r_o_o_f_f_f_f_/_/_T_T_r_r_o_o_f_f_f_f  _c_c_o_o_m_m_m_m_a_a_n_n_d_d_s_s_._.   Among  the useful commands from the
     basic formatting programs are the following.  They all work  with
     both typesetter and computer terminal output:










     Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff                USD:17-9


          .bp - begin new page.
          .br - ``break'', stop running text
                    from line to line.
          .sp n - insert n blank lines.
          .na - don't adjust right margins.


          _D_D_a_a_t_t_e_e_._.   By default, documents produced on computer terminals
     have the date at the bottom of each page; documents  produced  on
     the  typesetter don't.  To force the date, say ``.DA''.  To force
     no date, say ``.ND''.  To lie about the date, say ``.DA  July  4,
     1776''  which puts the specified date at the bottom of each page.
     The command

          .ND May 8, 1945

     in ".RP" format places the specified date on the cover sheet  and
     nowhere else.  Place this line before the title.

          _R_R_e_e_g_g_i_i_s_s_t_t_e_e_r_r_s_s_._.   Certain  of  the  registers  used by -ms can be
     altered to change default settings.  They should be changed  with
     .nr commands, as with

               .nr PS 9

     to  make the default point size 9 point.  If the effect is needed
     immediately, the normal _t_r_o_f_f command should be used in  addition
     to changing the number register.

     Register    Defines         Takes      Default
                                 effect
      PO     page offset       next page    1''
      LL     line length       next para.   6''
      LT     title length      next para.   6''
      HM     top margin        next page    1''
      FM     bottom margin     next page    1''
      PS     point size        next para.   10 pts
      VS     line spacing      next para.   12 pts
      PI     para. indent      next para.   5 ens
      PD     para. spacing     next para.   0.3 VS
      QI     quote para ind    next para.   5 ens
      FL     footnote length   next FS      *5/6 LL
      FI     footnote indent   next FS      *5/6 LL
      FF     footnote format   next FS      *5/6 LL
      MINGW  min. column wid   next page    2 ens

     You may also alter the strings LH, CH, and RH which are the left,
     center, and right headings respectively; and  similarly  LF,  CF,
     and  RF which are strings in the page footer.  The page number on
     _o_u_t_p_u_t is taken from register PN, to permit changing  its  output
     style.   For  more  complicated headers and footers the macros PT
     and BT can be redefined, as explained earlier.











     USD:17-10               Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


          _A_A_c_c_c_c_e_e_n_n_t_t_s_s_._.  To simplify typing certain foreign words,  strings
     representing  common  accent marks are defined.  They precede the
     letter over which the mark is to appear.  Here are the strings:

                    Input   Output      Input   Output
                    \*'e      'e         \*~a      ~a
                    \*`e      `e         \*Ce      ve
                    \*:u      u         \*,c      ,c
                    \*^e      ^e


          _U_U_s_s_e_e_._.  After your document is prepared and stored on a  file,
     you can print it on a terminal with the command*

        _n_r_o_f_f _-_m_s _f_i_l_e

     and you can print it on the typesetter with the command

        _t_r_o_f_f _-_m_s _f_i_l_e

     (many  options  are possible).  In each case, if your document is
     stored in several files, just list all  the  filenames  where  we
     have  used ``file''.  If equations or tables are used, _e_q_n and/or
     _t_b_l must be invoked as preprocessors.

          _R_R_e_e_f_f_e_e_r_r_e_e_n_n_c_c_e_e_s_s _a_a_n_n_d_d _f_f_u_u_r_r_t_t_h_h_e_e_r_r _s_s_t_t_u_u_d_d_y_y_._.  If you have to  do  Greek  or
     mathematics, see _e_e_q_q_n_n [1] for equation setting.  To aid _e_e_q_q_n_n users,
     _-_-_m_m_s_s provides definitions of .EQ and .EN which normally center the
     equation and set it off slightly.  An argument on .EQ is taken to
     be an equation number and placed in the  right  margin  near  the
     equation.   In addition, there are three special arguments to EQ:
     the letters C, I, and L indicate  centered  (default),  indented,
     and  left  adjusted  equations, respectively.  If there is both a
     format argument and an equation number, give the format  argument
     first, as in

               .EQ L (1.3a)

     for a left-adjusted equation numbered (1.3a).

          Similarly,  the  macros  .TS and .TE are defined to separate
     tables (see [2]) from text with a little space.  A very long  ta-
     ble  with  a  heading  may be broken across pages by beginning it
     with .TS H instead of .TS, and placing the line .TH in the  table
     data  after  the  heading.   If the table has no heading repeated
     from page to page, just use the ordinary .TS and .TE macros.

          To learn more about _t_r_o_f_f see [3] for  a  general  introduc-
     tion,  and  [4] for the full details (experts only).  Information
     on related UNIX commands is in [5].  For jobs that  do  not  seem
     well-adapted  to -ms, consider other macro packages.  It is often
     -----------
     *  If .2C was used, pipe the _n_r_o_f_f output through _c_o_l_;
     make the first line of the input ``.pi /usr/bin/col.''









     Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff               USD:17-11


     far easier to write a specific macro packages for such  tasks  as
     imitating particular journals than to try to adapt -ms.

          _A_A_c_c_k_k_n_n_o_o_w_w_l_l_e_e_d_d_g_g_m_m_e_e_n_n_t_t_._.   Many thanks are due to Brian Kernighan for
     his help in the design and implementation of  this  package,  and
     for his assistance in preparing this manual.


                                RReeffeerreenncceess


     [1]  B. W. Kernighan and L. L. Cherry, _T_y_p_e_s_e_t_t_i_n_g _M_a_t_h_e_m_a_t_i_c_s _-_-
          _U_s_e_r_s _G_u_i_d_e _(_2_n_d _e_d_i_t_i_o_n_)_, Bell Laboratories Computing  Sci-
          ence Report no. 17.

     [2]  M.  E. Lesk, _T_b_l _-_- _A _P_r_o_g_r_a_m _t_o _F_o_r_m_a_t _T_a_b_l_e_s_, Bell Labora-
          tories Computing Science Report no. 45.

     [3]  B. W. Kernighan, _A _T_r_o_f_f _T_u_t_o_r_i_a_l_, Bell Laboratories,  1976.

     [4]  J.  F. Ossanna, _N_r_o_f_f_/_T_r_o_f_f _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l_, Bell Laborato-
          ries Computing Science Report no. 51.

     [5]  K. Thompson and D. M.  Ritchie,  _U_N_I_X  _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_m_e_r_'_s  _M_a_n_u_a_l_,
          Bell Laboratories, 1978.



                                AAppppeennddiixx AA
                             LLiisstt ooff CCoommmmaannddss

     1CReturn to single column format. LGIncrease type size.
     2CStart double column format.     LPLeft aligned block paragraph.
     ABBegin abstract.
     AEEnd abstract.
     AISpecify author's institution.
     AUSpecify author.                 NDChange or cancel date.
     B Begin boldface.                 NHSpecify numbered heading.
     DAProvide the date on each page.  NLReturn to normal type size.
     DEEnd display.                    PPBegin paragraph.
     DSStart display (also CD, LD, ID).
     ENEnd equation.                   R Return to regular font (usually Roman).
     EQBegin equation.                 REEnd one level of relative indenting.
     FEEnd footnote.                   RPUse released paper format.
     FSBegin footnote.                 RSRelative indent increased one level.
     I Begin italics.                  SHSpecify section heading.
                                       SMChange to smaller type size.
     IPBegin indented paragraph.       TLSpecify title.
     KERelease keep.
     KFBegin floating keep.            ULUnderline one word.
     KSStart keep.


                              RReeggiisstteerr NNaammeess









     USD:17-12               Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff


          The  following  register  names  are used by -ms internally.
     Independent use of these names in one's own  macros  may  produce
     incorrect  output.   Note  that no lower case letters are used in
     any -ms internal name.

                       Number registers used in -ms
     :     DW    GW    HM     IQ    LL    NA    OJ    PO    T.     TV
     #T    EF    H1    HT     IR    LT    NC    PD    PQ    TB     VS
     .T    FC    H2    IF     IT    MF    ND    PE    PS    TC     WF
     1T    FL    H3    IK     KI    MM    NF    PF    PX    TD     YE
     AV    FM    H4    IM     L1    MN    NS    PI    RO    TN     YY
     CW    FP    H5    IP     LE    MO    OI    PN    ST    TQ     ZN



                       String registers used in -ms
     '     A5    CB    DW     EZ    I     KF    MR    R1    RT     TL
     `     AB    CC    DY     FA    I1    KQ    ND    R2    S0     TM
     ^     AE    CD    E1     FE    I2    KS    NH    R3    S1     TQ
     ~     AI    CF    E2     FJ    I3    LB    NL    R4    S2     TS
     :     AU    CH    E3     FK    I4    LD    NP    R5    SG     TT
     ,     B     CM    E4     FN    I5    LG    OD    RC    SH     UL
     1C    BG    CS    E5     FO    ID    LP    OK    RE    SM     WB
     2C    BT    CT    EE     FQ    IE    ME    PP    RF    SN     WH
     A1    C     D     EL     FS    IM    MF    PT    RH    SY     WT
     A2    C1    DA    EM     FV    IP    MH    PY    RP    TA     XD
     A3    C2    DE    EN     FY    IZ    MN    QF    RQ    TE     XF
     A4    CA    DS    EQ     HO    KE    MO    R     RS    TH     XK

                   Figure 1:  Order of Commands in Input

































     Using the -ms Macros with Troff and Nroff               USD:17-13


                      |
                      +-------+
                      |      ||
                      |
                      |      R|P
                      +--------
                     |+------+
                      |      |
                     TL      |
                      |      |
                      |      |
                      |      |
                      |      |
                     ||      |
                      |      |
                     A|U      |
                      |      |
                      |      |
                     ||      |
                      |      |
                     AI      |
                      +------+----------+------------+-
                             |          |            |
                            AB          |            |
                             |          |            |
                             |          |            |
                             |          |            |
                             |          |            |
                            A|E          |            |
                             -----------+------------+
                                        |            |
                                       ||            |
                                                     |
                                     NH,|SH          |
                                        -------------+-

                                                    P|P, LP
                                                     |
                                                     |
                                                     |
                                                     |
                                                     |
                                                    t|ext...
                                                     |
                                                     |
                                                     |














