Построение графиков
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## Построение графиков

ExportPlot

      ExportPlot (file,type)

      ExportPlot (file)

  Export the contents of the plotting window to a file. The type is a string that specifies the file type to use, "png", "eps", or "ps". If the type is not specified, then it is taken to be the extension, in which case the extension must be ".png", ".eps", or ".ps".

  Note that files are overwritten without asking.

  On successful export, true is returned. Otherwise error is printed and exception is raised.

  Examples:

      genius> ExportPlot("file.png")
      genius> ExportPlot("/directory/file","eps")

  Version 1.0.16 onwards.

LinePlot

      LinePlot (func1,func2,func3,...)

      LinePlot (func1,func2,func3,x1,x2)

      LinePlot (func1,func2,func3,x1,x2,y1,y2)

      LinePlot (func1,func2,func3,[x1,x2])

      LinePlot (func1,func2,func3,[x1,x2,y1,y2])

  Plot a function (or several functions) with a line. First (up to 10) arguments are functions, then optionally you can specify the limits of the plotting window as `x1`, `x2`, `y1`, `y2`. If limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `LinePlotWindow`) If the y limits are not specified, then the functions are computed and then the maxima and minima are used.

  The parameter `LinePlotDrawLegends` controls the drawing of the legend.

  Examples:

      genius> LinePlot(sin,cos)
      genius> LinePlot(`(x)=x^2,-1,1,0,1)

LinePlotClear

      LinePlotClear ()

  Show the line plot window and clear out functions and any other lines that were drawn.

LinePlotCParametric

      LinePlotCParametric (func,...)

      LinePlotCParametric (func,t1,t2,tinc)

      LinePlotCParametric (func,t1,t2,tinc,x1,x2,y1,y2)

  Plot a parametric complex valued function with a line. First comes the function that returns `x+iy`, then optionally the `t` limits as `t1,t2,tinc`, then optionally the limits as `x1,x2,y1,y2`.

  If limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `LinePlotWindow`). If instead the string "fit" is given for the x and y limits, then the limits are the maximum extent of the graph

  The parameter `LinePlotDrawLegends` controls the drawing of the legend.

LinePlotDrawLine

      LinePlotDrawLine (x1,y1,x2,y2,...)

      LinePlotDrawLine (v,...)

  Draw a line from `x1`,`y1` to `x2`,`y2`. `x1`,`y1`, `x2`,`y2` can be replaced by an `n` by 2 matrix for a longer polyline. Alternatively the vector `v` may be a column vector of complex numbers, that is an `n` by 1 matrix and each complex number is then considered a point in the plane.

  Extra parameters can be added to specify line color, thickness, arrows, the plotting window, or legend. You can do this by adding an argument string `"color"`, `"thickness"`, `"window"`, `"arrow"`, or `"legend"`, and after it specify the color, the thickness, the window as 4-vector, type of arrow, or the legend. (Arrow and window are from version 1.0.6 onwards.)

  If the line is to be treated as a filled polygon, filled with the given color, you can specify the argument `"filled"`. Since version 1.0.22 onwards.

  The color should be either a string indicating the common English word for the color that GTK will recognize such as `"red"`, `"blue"`, `"yellow"`, etc... Alternatively the color can be specified in RGB format as `"#rgb"`, `"#rrggbb"`, or `"#rrrrggggbbbb"`, where the r, g, or b are hex digits of the red, green, and blue components of the color. Finally, since version 1.0.18, the color can also be specified as a real vector specifying the red green and blue components where the components are between 0 and 1, e.g. `[1.0,0.5,0.1]`.

  The window should be given as usual as `[x1,x2,y1,y2]`, or alternatively can be given as a string `"fit"` in which case, the x range will be set precisely and the y range will be set with five percent borders around the line.

  Arrow specification should be `"origin"`, `"end"`, `"both"`, or `"none"`.

  Finally, legend should be a string that can be used as the legend in the graph. That is, if legends are being printed.

  Examples:

      genius> LinePlotDrawLine(0,0,1,1,"color","blue","thickness",3)
      genius> LinePlotDrawLine([0,0;1,-1;-1,-1])
      genius> LinePlotDrawLine([0,0;1,1],"arrow","end")
      genius> LinePlotDrawLine(RungeKuttaFull(`(x,y)=y,0,0.001,10,100),"color","blue","legend","The Solution")
      genius> for r=0.0 to 1.0 by 0.1 do LinePlotDrawLine([0,0;1,r],"color",[r,(1-r),0.5],"window",[0,1,0,1])
      genius> LinePlotDrawLine([0,0;10,0;10,10;0,10],"filled","color","green")

  Unlike many other functions that do not care if they take a column or a row vector, if specifying points as a vector of complex values, due to possible ambiguities, it must always be given as a column vector.

  Specifying `v` as a column vector of complex numbers is implemented from version 1.0.22 and onwards.

LinePlotDrawPoints

      LinePlotDrawPoints (x,y,...)

      LinePlotDrawPoints (v,...)

  Draw a point at `x`,`y`. The input can be an `n` by 2 matrix for `n` different points. This function has essentially the same input as LinePlotDrawLine. Alternatively the vector `v` may be a column vector of complex numbers, that is an `n` by 1 matrix and each complex number is then considered a point in the plane.

  Extra parameters can be added to specify color, thickness, the plotting window, or legend. You can do this by adding an argument string `"color"`, `"thickness"`, `"window"`, or `"legend"`, and after it specify the color, the thickness, the window as 4-vector, or the legend.

  The color should be either a string indicating the common English word for the color that GTK will recognize such as `"red"`, `"blue"`, `"yellow"`, etc... Alternatively the color can be specified in RGB format as `"#rgb"`, `"#rrggbb"`, or `"#rrrrggggbbbb"`, where the r, g, or b are hex digits of the red, green, and blue components of the color. Finally the color can also be specified as a real vector specifying the red green and blue components where the components are between 0 and 1.

  The window should be given as usual as `[x1,x2,y1,y2]`, or alternatively can be given as a string `"fit"` in which case, the x range will be set precisely and the y range will be set with five percent borders around the line.

  Finally, legend should be a string that can be used as the legend in the graph. That is, if legends are being printed.

  Examples:

      genius> LinePlotDrawPoints(0,0,"color","blue","thickness",3)
      genius> LinePlotDrawPoints([0,0;1,-1;-1,-1])
      genius> LinePlotDrawPoints(RungeKuttaFull(`(x,y)=y,0,0.001,10,100),"color","blue","legend","The Solution")
      genius> LinePlotDrawPoints([1;1+1i;1i;0],"thickness",5)
      genius> LinePlotDrawPoints(ApplyOverMatrix((0:6)',`(k)=exp(k*2*pi*1i/7)),"thickness",3,"legend","The 7th roots of unity")

  Unlike many other functions that do not care if they take a column or a row vector, if specifying points as a vector of complex values, due to possible ambiguities, it must always be given as a column vector. Therefore, notice in the last example the transpose of the vector `0:6` to make it into a column vector.

  Available from version 1.0.18 onwards. Specifying `v` as a column vector of complex numbers is implemented from version 1.0.22 and onwards.

LinePlotMouseLocation

      LinePlotMouseLocation ()

  Returns a row vector of a point on the line plot corresponding to the current mouse location. If the line plot is not visible, then prints an error and returns `null`. In this case you should run `LinePlot` or `LinePlotClear` to put the graphing window into the line plot mode. See also `LinePlotWaitForClick`.

LinePlotParametric

      LinePlotParametric (xfunc,yfunc,...)

      LinePlotParametric (xfunc,yfunc,t1,t2,tinc)

      LinePlotParametric (xfunc,yfunc,t1,t2,tinc,x1,x2,y1,y2)

      LinePlotParametric (xfunc,yfunc,t1,t2,tinc,[x1,x2,y1,y2])

      LinePlotParametric (xfunc,yfunc,t1,t2,tinc,"fit")

  Plot a parametric function with a line. First come the functions for `x` and `y` then optionally the `t` limits as `t1,t2,tinc`, then optionally the limits as `x1,x2,y1,y2`.

  If x and y limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `LinePlotWindow`). If instead the string "fit" is given for the x and y limits, then the limits are the maximum extent of the graph

  The parameter `LinePlotDrawLegends` controls the drawing of the legend.

LinePlotWaitForClick

      LinePlotWaitForClick ()

  If in line plot mode, waits for a click on the line plot window and returns the location of the click as a row vector. If the window is closed the function returns immediately with `null`. If the window is not in line plot mode, it is put in it and shown if not shown. See also `LinePlotMouseLocation`.

PlotCanvasFreeze

      PlotCanvasFreeze ()

  Freeze drawing of the canvas plot temporarily. Useful if you need to draw a bunch of elements and want to delay drawing everything to avoid flicker in an animation. After everything has been drawn you should call `PlotCanvasThaw`.

  The canvas is always thawed after end of any execution, so it will never remain frozen. The moment a new command line is shown for example the plot canvas is thawed automatically. Also note that calls to freeze and thaw may be safely nested.

  Version 1.0.18 onwards.

PlotCanvasThaw

      PlotCanvasThaw ()

  Thaw the plot canvas frozen by `PlotCanvasFreeze` and redraw the canvas immediately. The canvas is also always thawed after end of execution of any program.

  Version 1.0.18 onwards.

PlotWindowPresent

      PlotWindowPresent ()

  Show and raise the plot window, creating it if necessary. Normally the window is created when one of the plotting functions is called, but it is not always raised if it happens to be below other windows. So this function is good to call in scripts where the plot window might have been created before, and by now is hidden behind the console or other windows.

  Version 1.0.19 onwards.

SlopefieldClearSolutions

      SlopefieldClearSolutions ()

  Clears the solutions drawn by the `SlopefieldDrawSolution` function.

SlopefieldDrawSolution

      SlopefieldDrawSolution (x, y, dx)

  When a slope field plot is active, draw a solution with the specified initial condition. The standard Runge-Kutta method is used with increment `dx`. Solutions stay on the graph until a different plot is shown or until you call `SlopefieldClearSolutions`. You can also use the graphical interface to draw solutions and specify initial conditions with the mouse.

SlopefieldPlot

      SlopefieldPlot (func)

      SlopefieldPlot (func,x1,x2,y1,y2)

  Plot a slope field. The function `func` should take two real numbers `x` and `y`, or a single complex number. Optionally you can specify the limits of the plotting window as `x1`, `x2`, `y1`, `y2`. If limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `LinePlotWindow`).

  The parameter `LinePlotDrawLegends` controls the drawing of the legend.

  Examples:

      genius> SlopefieldPlot(`(x,y)=sin(x-y),-5,5,-5,5)

SurfacePlot

      SurfacePlot (func)

      SurfacePlot (func,x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2)

      SurfacePlot (func,x1,x2,y1,y2)

      SurfacePlot (func,[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2])

      SurfacePlot (func,[x1,x2,y1,y2])

  Plot a surface function that takes either two arguments or a complex number. First comes the function then optionally limits as `x1`, `x2`, `y1`, `y2`, `z1`, `z2`. If limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `SurfacePlotWindow`). Genius can only plot a single surface function at this time.

  If the z limits are not specified then the maxima and minima of the function are used.

  Examples:

      genius> SurfacePlot(|sin|,-1,1,-1,1,0,1.5)
      genius> SurfacePlot(`(x,y)=x^2+y,-1,1,-1,1,-2,2)
      genius> SurfacePlot(`(z)=|z|^2,-1,1,-1,1,0,2)

SurfacePlotClear

      SurfacePlotClear ()

  Show the surface plot window and clear out functions and any other lines that were drawn.

  Available in version 1.0.19 and onwards.

SurfacePlotData

      SurfacePlotData (data)

      SurfacePlotData (data,label)

      SurfacePlotData (data,x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2)

      SurfacePlotData (data,label,x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2)

      SurfacePlotData (data,[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2])

      SurfacePlotData (data,label,[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2])

  Plot a surface from data. The data is an n by 3 matrix whose rows are the x, y and z coordinates. The data can also be simply a vector whose length is a multiple of 3 and so contains the triples of x, y, z. The data should contain at least 3 points.

  Optionally we can give the label and also optionally the limits. If limits are not given, they are computed from the data, `SurfacePlotWindow` is not used, if you want to use it, pass it in explicitly. If label is not given then empty label is used.

  Examples:

      genius> SurfacePlotData([0,0,0;1,0,1;0,1,1;1,1,3])
      genius> SurfacePlotData(data,"My data")
      genius> SurfacePlotData(data,-1,1,-1,1,0,10)
      genius> SurfacePlotData(data,SurfacePlotWindow)

  Here's an example of how to plot in polar coordinates, in particular how to plot the function `-r^2 * theta`:

      genius> d:=null; for r=0 to 1 by 0.1 do for theta=0 to 2*pi by pi/5 do d=[d;[r*cos(theta),r*sin(theta),-r^2*theta]];
      genius> SurfacePlotData(d)

  Version 1.0.16 onwards.

SurfacePlotDataGrid

      SurfacePlotDataGrid (data,[x1,x2,y1,y2])

      SurfacePlotDataGrid (data,[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2])

      SurfacePlotDataGrid (data,[x1,x2,y1,y2],label)

      SurfacePlotDataGrid (data,[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2],label)

  Plot a surface from regular rectangular data. The data is given in a n by m matrix where the rows are the x coordinate and the columns are the y coordinate. The x coordinate is divided into equal n-1 subintervals and y coordinate is divided into equal m-1 subintervals. The limits `x1` and `x2` give the interval on the x-axis that we use, and the limits `y1` and `y2` give the interval on the y-axis that we use. If the limits `z1` and `z2` are not given they are computed from the data (to be the extreme values from the data).

  Optionally we can give the label, if label is not given then empty label is used.

  Examples:

      genius> SurfacePlotDataGrid([1,2;3,4],[0,1,0,1])
      genius> SurfacePlotDataGrid(data,[-1,1,-1,1],"My data")
      genius> d:=null; for i=1 to 20 do for j=1 to 10 do d@(i,j) = (0.1*i-1)^2-(0.1*j)^2;
      genius> SurfacePlotDataGrid(d,[-1,1,0,1],"half a saddle")

  Version 1.0.16 onwards.

SurfacePlotDrawLine

      SurfacePlotDrawLine (x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2,...)

      SurfacePlotDrawLine (v,...)

  Draw a line from `x1`,`y1`,`z1` to `x2`,`y2`,`z2`. `x1`,`y1`,`z1`, `x2`,`y2`,`z2` can be replaced by an `n` by 3 matrix for a longer polyline.

  Extra parameters can be added to specify line color, thickness, the plotting window, or legend. You can do this by adding an argument string `"color"`, `"thickness"`, `"window"`, or `"legend"`, and after it specify the color, the thickness, the window as 6-vector, or the legend.

  The color should be either a string indicating the common English word for the color that GTK will recognize such as `"red"`, `"blue"`, `"yellow"`, etc... Alternatively the color can be specified in RGB format as `"#rgb"`, `"#rrggbb"`, or `"#rrrrggggbbbb"`, where the r, g, or b are hex digits of the red, green, and blue components of the color. Finally, since version 1.0.18, the color can also be specified as a real vector specifying the red green and blue components where the components are between 0 and 1, e.g. `[1.0,0.5,0.1]`.

  The window should be given as usual as `[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2]`, or alternatively can be given as a string `"fit"` in which case, the x range will be set precisely and the y range will be set with five percent borders around the line.

  Finally, legend should be a string that can be used as the legend in the graph. That is, if legends are being printed.

  Examples:

      genius> SurfacePlotDrawLine(0,0,0,1,1,1,"color","blue","thickness",3)
      genius> SurfacePlotDrawLine([0,0,0;1,-1,2;-1,-1,-3])

  Available from version 1.0.19 onwards.

SurfacePlotDrawPoints

      SurfacePlotDrawPoints (x,y,z,...)

      SurfacePlotDrawPoints (v,...)

  Draw a point at `x`,`y`,`z`. The input can be an `n` by 3 matrix for `n` different points. This function has essentially the same input as SurfacePlotDrawLine.

  Extra parameters can be added to specify line color, thickness, the plotting window, or legend. You can do this by adding an argument string `"color"`, `"thickness"`, `"window"`, or `"legend"`, and after it specify the color, the thickness, the window as 6-vector, or the legend.

  The color should be either a string indicating the common English word for the color that GTK will recognize such as `"red"`, `"blue"`, `"yellow"`, etc... Alternatively the color can be specified in RGB format as `"#rgb"`, `"#rrggbb"`, or `"#rrrrggggbbbb"`, where the r, g, or b are hex digits of the red, green, and blue components of the color. Finally the color can also be specified as a real vector specifying the red green and blue components where the components are between 0 and 1.

  The window should be given as usual as `[x1,x2,y1,y2,z1,z2]`, or alternatively can be given as a string `"fit"` in which case, the x range will be set precisely and the y range will be set with five percent borders around the line.

  Finally, legend should be a string that can be used as the legend in the graph. That is, if legends are being printed.

  Examples:

      genius> SurfacePlotDrawPoints(0,0,0,"color","blue","thickness",3)
      genius> SurfacePlotDrawPoints([0,0,0;1,-1,2;-1,-1,1])

  Available from version 1.0.19 onwards.

VectorfieldClearSolutions

      VectorfieldClearSolutions ()

  Clears the solutions drawn by the `VectorfieldDrawSolution` function.

  Version 1.0.6 onwards.

VectorfieldDrawSolution

      VectorfieldDrawSolution (x, y, dt, tlen)

  When a vector field plot is active, draw a solution with the specified initial condition. The standard Runge-Kutta method is used with increment `dt` for an interval of length `tlen`. Solutions stay on the graph until a different plot is shown or until you call `VectorfieldClearSolutions`. You can also use the graphical interface to draw solutions and specify initial conditions with the mouse.

  Version 1.0.6 onwards.

VectorfieldPlot

      VectorfieldPlot (funcx, funcy)

      VectorfieldPlot (funcx, funcy, x1, x2, y1, y2)

  Plot a two dimensional vector field. The function `funcx` should be the dx/dt of the vectorfield and the function `funcy` should be the dy/dt of the vectorfield. The functions should take two real numbers `x` and `y`, or a single complex number. When the parameter `VectorfieldNormalized` is `true`, then the magnitude of the vectors is normalized. That is, only the direction and not the magnitude is shown.

  Optionally you can specify the limits of the plotting window as `x1`, `x2`, `y1`, `y2`. If limits are not specified, then the currently set limits apply (See `LinePlotWindow`).

  The parameter `LinePlotDrawLegends` controls the drawing of the legend.

  Examples:

      genius> VectorfieldPlot(`(x,y)=x^2-y, `(x,y)=y^2-x, -1, 1, -1, 1)

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